International Journal of Innovations in Science, Engineering And Management
IJISEM International Journal of Innovations in Science, Engineering And Management A Peer-reviewed Scholarly Indexed Quarterly Journal International Journal of Innovations in Science, Engineering, and Management (IJISEM) is an open-access publication overseen by IJISEM Journals. It is dedicated to fostering the interests of emerging and promising writers. IJISEM endeavors to transcend geographical boundaries by welcoming contributions from professionals and academics worldwide, not limited to India. We thus adopted the term International as our motto and used it in the title of our journal. We are dedicated to fostering innovation and excellence across scientific, engineering, and management disciplines through our commitment to sharing knowledge. The publication focuses on research and intellectual viewpoints in order to achieve this goal. Realistic analysis, interdisciplinary/applied/methodological, empirical evidence production and utilization, critical viewpoint development and policy building work are all welcome in achieving this goal. IJISEM aims to provide a platform for doctoral researchers to showcase their investigations and disseminate their research findings and knowledge to a wider audience. IJISEM International Journal of Innovations in Science, Engineering and Management Title IJISEM International Journal of Innovations in Science, Engineering And Management Frequency Quarterly (July, October, January and April) ISSN 2583 – 7117 Publication Format Online Chief Editor Dr. Rajesh Gupta Publisher Yogesh Sharma, M.Tech (Industrial Design) Subject Multidisciplinary Published by IJISEM Journals Starting Year 2022 E-Mail editor@ijisem.com Mobile No (+91) 70893666889 Mobile No (+91) 9981622288 Publishing Body AG Publishing House Language Multiple Languages Copyright AG Publishing House Website http://www.ijisem.com/ Address IJISEM Journals 57-First Floor, Susheela Bhawan, Priyadarshini Phase-3, near Meenakshi Planet City, Bagmugaliya, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462043
Re-users must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. This license allows for redistribution, commercial and non-commercial, as long as the original work is properly credited.
Parental Involvement And Neuroeducation: A Pilot Study On Brain Plasticity In Foundational Stage Learners
This research paper discusses the link between parental engagement and neuroeducation from the perspective of brain plasticity in early childhood. The study is a pilot investigation of 30 learners in the foundational stage (ages 3 to 6) based on neuroscientific evidence that early childhood is a period of heightened synaptic proliferation and environmental sensitivity. This study uses a parental involvement questionnaire, adapted from validated instruments, to investigate the relationship between parent-child interactive behaviours and developmental outcomes. These results suggest that active, reciprocal parent-child interactions, especially those that include language-rich conversations, responsive caregiving, and play-based learning, are associated with improved neurodevelopmental outcomes. This paper contributes to the growing literature of neuropedagogical research by providing empirical evidence that parental involvement is a crucial environmental mechanism for the development of brain architecture. This article adds to the expanding pool of neuropedagogical research with empirical evidence that parental involvement is a major environmental mechanism for influencing brain architecture during the foundational stage, with implications for educational policy, teacher preparation, and family engagement strategies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Amit Kauts, Mankiran Virdhi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Harmonic Evaluation of Active and Reactive Power Droop Control Strategies for Cascaded type Microgrid
Distributed generation units incorporating power electronics are becoming popular owing to their zero emission features. The most important elements to evaluate the successful use and flexibility of microgrids are the control as well as coordination of such generating units. The present report operates a space vector PWM technically controlled distribution unit linked to the series with steady power sharing. The synchronisation as well as power balancing of dispersed generating devices constitutes two major problems in cascaded-type microgrids that require immediate response. To that aim, in this research, an f-P/Q drop control is suggested and its stability is also examined. This suggested drop-control is capable of independently achieving power balance under resistive and resistive loads. The clear benefit in comparison to the reverse power factor drop control is to expand the field of application. Furthermore, simulation results verify the viability of the suggested approach. The technique ensures precise power sharing even when the connection is interrupted. Where the load varies during the interruption of communication, energy sharing accuracy is decreased, yet the suggested approach is better than the traditional drop control method. Furthermore, the accuracy of the power sharing base on the suggested approach is not affected by the communication channel time delay as well as local loads at inverter output. The control model was simulated in MATLAB using a series connection of two or three inverters. A comparison study is performed on THDs using SPWM and SVPWM methods in the output voltage. The active forces are also compared to improved power supply..
Copyright (c) 2026 Ravikant Sahu, Naveen Asati, Syed Uaid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
AI and Business Decision-Making: Opportunities and Challenges
The rapid proliferation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has significantly transformed business decision-making across diverse domains such as finance, marketing, supply chain, human resources, and strategic management. This study presents a Review of twelve peer-reviewed articles published between 2020 and 2025, sourced from international journals and conference proceedings. Using a structured coding framework, the review synthesizes insights on AI applications, methodologies, tools, opportunities, challenges, and future research directions in organizational decision-making. Findings indicate that AI tools—including machine learning, deep learning, natural language processing, predictive analytics, robotic process automation, and intelligent decision-support systems—enable organizations to improve efficiency, accuracy, and foresight while reducing human bias. Across the studies, AI is shown to support enhanced financial forecasting, customer engagement, supply chain optimization, HR talent management, innovation, and strategic planning. Opportunities identified include real-time predictive insights, process automation, risk mitigation, and the creation of competitive advantages in dynamic markets. However, challenges remain in the areas of data quality, algorithmic bias, interpretability, ethical concerns, integration with legacy systems, high implementation costs, and regulatory uncertainties. Several studies also emphasize the social and organizational risks of AI adoption, such as workforce displacement and trust deficits in automated decisions. The review highlights that successful adoption requires not only technological readiness but also ethical frameworks, transparent governance, and human–AI collaboration. Future research directions proposed include developing sector-specific AI models, advancing explainable and ethical AI frameworks, investigating adoption in emerging markets, and exploring human–machine integration for responsible decision-making. Overall, the SLR underscores that while AI offers transformative opportunities for business decision-making, its long-term impact depends on responsible implementation, alignment with human values, and continuous adaptation to evolving business environments.
Copyright (c) 2026 Shubham Singh, Shubham Sharma, Shaksham Dixit, Sheetal Patel https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Electricity Generation from Plastic Waste Using Thermoelectric Generators
Plastic waste is a problem for the environment because it doesn't break down and people are using more and more of it. This paper talks about a system that turns plastic waste into electricity using special devices called thermoelectric generators or TEGs for short. The system has parts: a chamber where the plastic is burned in a controlled way, an SP1848-27145 TEG module, a heat sink, a device that boosts the voltage, an inverter that changes the voltage from current to alternating current and a unit that filters the air. When plastic is burned it produces heat, which is then turned into electricity by the TEG through something called the Seebeck effect. The results of the experiment show that the voltage output went up from 0.8 volts to 5.3 volts when the temperature difference across the TEG went up from 30 degrees Celsius to 140 degrees Celsius. The most power that was produced was 625.4 milliwatts.The air filtration system that is part of the setup helps reduce the stuff released during burning. The system we propose is a cost- way to deal with plastic waste and make a small amount of electricity at the same time.
Copyright (c) 2026 Andela Indira Raghunand, Rutuja Bhausaheb Landge https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Social And Political Engagement Through Internet-Based Communities: Evidence from India
The present study examines social and political engagement through internet-based communities among users in India. The study is based on primary data collected from 275 respondents using a structured questionnaire designed on a 5-point Likert scale. The main objective is to analyse the relationship between participation in internet-based communities and levels of social and political engagement. Descriptive statistics and Pearson’s correlation were used for data analysis. The findings reveal that respondents actively participate in online communities and such participation is strongly associated with both social and political engagement. The study confirms significant positive relationships between the variables, indicating the growing role of digital platforms in shaping civic behaviour. It concludes that internet-based communities act as important spaces for interaction, awareness, and participation in societal and political matters
Copyright (c) 2026 Rekha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Comparative Analysis & Performance of PT Beams vs. RCC Deep Beams in Multistory Buildings Under Dynamic Loading
As the demand for multistory buildings rises, so do the need for structural systems that can withstand dynamic loads like earthquakes, wind, and vibration. Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) deep beams and Post-Tensioned (PT) deep beams are among the structural members that have received widespread interest for their unique structural properties and performance benefits. This review paper compares the performance of RCC deep beam structure with PT beam structure of multistory buildings under dynamic loading condition. The basic characteristics of both beam systems, different dynamic loads applied to buildings and important performance parameters as the load carrying capacity, deflection, stiffness, ductility, energy dissipation, crack control, serviceability and durability are discussed. The extensive study of the latest literature has shown that the PT beams have a higher load carrying capacity, less deflection, better crack resistance and high structural efficiency, whereas the RCC deep beams are high in stiffness, shear resistance and simpler to construct. The study summarizes the benefits, drawbacks and practical use of both systems and suggests possible future research to enhance structural performance and resilience under dynamic loading.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yogesh Gadekar, Akshya Jain https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Assessment Of The Socio-Economic Empowerment Of Local Communities Through Food Processing Industries: A Case Study Of Khurda District, Odisha
This study investigates the socio-economic empowerment of local communities through Food Processing Industries (FPI) in Khurda District, Odisha. Adopting a quantitative research approach, the study aims to assess the impact of FPI on key socio-economic indicators, including employment opportunities, income generation, access to nutritious food, and community cohesion. 400 respondents were selected using stratified sampling techniques, with data collected through structured questionnaires administered between December 15, 2023, and January 10, 2024. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was adopted to analyze the relationships between FPI and socio-economic outcomes. The results reveal significant positive associations between FPI and employment opportunities, income generation, access to nutritious food, and community cohesion. These findings underscore the potential of FPI to drive socio-economic development and enhance the well-being of local communities in Khurda District. The practical implications of the study suggest the importance of fostering an enabling environment for FPI growth, including policy support, infrastructure development, and skill enhancement programs. Furthermore, the study identifies avenues for future research, includinglong-term impact of FPI interventions and comparative analyses across different regions to inform targeted policy interventions for sustainable socio-economic empowerment. Overall, this study contributes to the literature on FPI and community development, offering insights for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers seeking to promote inclusive and sustainable development in Khurda District, Odisha, and beyond.
Copyright (c) 2026 Avilipsa Panda, Aparajita Biswal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Digital Governance Framework for Salesforce Data Cloud in Healthcare Insurance Platforms
The fast digitalization of insurance systems used in healthcare has heightened the need to have strong digital governance systems to handle the multi-faceted healthcare data ecosystem. This review article discusses the contribution of Salesforce Data Cloud to healthcare insurance platforms in terms of data governance, security, interoperability, artificial intelligence (AI), and regulatory compliance. The paper emphasizes the role of Salesforce Data Cloud in managing unified and comprehensive data in healthcare, real-time analytics, patient-centric care, and effective claim processing. It further explores the importance of cybersecurity measures, privacy protection, and compliance frameworks such as HIPAA and GDPR in safeguarding sensitive healthcare information. The paper also mentions the importance of integrating AI, predictive analytics, and interoperability technologies in improving operational efficiency and decision-making within healthcare insurance systems. Moreover, the study outlines several significant obstacles related to the implementation of digital systems of governance, such as cybersecurity threats, integration issues, regulatory differences, and organizational attitudes towards technological change. The results suggest that to have secure, efficient, compliant, and sustainable healthcare insurance operations in the digital era, effective digital governance is the key.
Artificial Intelligence and Interoperability
Copyright (c) 2024 Susil Sahu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analytical Study of Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code 2023 with reference to Stakeholders Rights Perspectives
This study is an attempt to explore the working of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) 2023 and to focus on the stakeholders and to what extend their rights are upheld under IBC. It explores: Why the bankruptcy regime has been shaped the way it is; the conflict between interest of justice of stakeholders and interest of creditors – who are the system's preferred player when according to Indian statute. The nature of the study is descriptive and analytical because evaluations are carried out about the impact of the Code on creditors, debtors, workers, the shareholders and regulators from different dimension such as legislative provision, the case law/empirical evidence. Results come back suggesting that the IBC 2023 provides for a higher recovery rate with an enhanced creditor oversight, but is likely to result in marginalization non-creditor parties. Weights and counterweights in the judgments of the Judges and protection gaps of vulnerable groups still exist. According to the report, a variety of initiatives are needed, including greater scrutiny of the regulators, more transparency for shareholders and more protection for employees. Emphasis on the policy implication to develop an equitable development and achieve financial stability is created and the comparison is made with Indian and Global bankruptcy regime.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mahesh Prakash Kolamkar, Sourabh Vasant Ubale https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Exploring the Moderating Effect of Demographics on Social Interaction and Purchase Intention in Social Commerce Platforms
The rapid expansion of social commerce platforms has significantly transformed consumer purchasing behavior, largely driven by dynamic social interactions such as peer ratings, community engagement, and social sharing. Although prior studies suggest that social involvement enhances consumers’ purchase intentions, the moderating role of demographic characteristics in this relationship remains insufficiently explored. Addressing this gap, the present study investigates how demographic variables—specifically age, gender, education level, and income influence the relationship between social interaction and purchase intention in the context of social commerce. A quantitative research design was employed, surveying 500 active users of social commerce platforms, including Instagram Shopping and Facebook Marketplace. Grounded in the Stimulus Organism Response (S-O-R) framework, the study conceptualizes social interaction as a stimulus influencing consumers’ internal evaluations and behavioral responses. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was utilized to test the proposed model and examine the moderating effects of demographic variables. The findings reveal that social interaction exerts a significant positive effect on purchase intention; however, this relationship is notably moderated by age and gender. Specifically, younger users particularly female consumers demonstrate greater responsiveness to social cues such as peer recommendations and community feedback. In contrast, income and education level do not exhibit a significant moderating effect on the relationship between social interaction and purchase intention. These results underscore the importance of demographically tailored marketing strategies in social commerce environments. From a theoretical perspective, the study enhances understanding of consumer behavior by integrating demographic moderators into the S-O-R framework. Practically, the findings offer valuable insights for marketers seeking to improve conversion rates through targeted demographic segmentation and socially driven engagement strategies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Richa Sharma, Rajesh Gupta, Veer P. Gangwar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
योगवसिष्ठ में कर्मयोग और ज्ञानयोग का परस्पर संबंध : एक विश्लेषणात्मक अध्ययन
इस शोध पत्र के द्वारा योगवसिष्ठ में कर्मयोग एवं ज्ञान के परस्पर संबंध का विश्लेषणात्मक अध्ययन किया गया है। आज के समय में साधक कर्म योग एवं ज्ञान योग को अलग-अलग मानते है, परन्तु योगवसिष्ठ के अनुसार कर्म योग एवं ज्ञान योग को आत्मज्ञान एवं मोक्ष प्राप्ति का एक पूरक साधन है। इस शोध पत्र के यह स्पष्ट किया गया है, कि कर्म योग में निष्काम कर्म के द्वारा चित शुद्ध करता है जो ज्ञान योग के साधन के लिय आवश्यक है। वहीं ज्ञान योग द्वारा विवेक-वैराग्य के माध्यम से साधक के समक्ष सत्य ज्ञान प्रदर्शित कर वासना रहित कर्म अर्थात निष्काम कर्म के लिय प्रेरित करती है। जो आत्म ज्ञान और मोक्ष की प्राप्ति के अति अतिमहत्वपूर्ण है।
Copyright (c) 2025 उज्जवल कुमार, अखिलेश कुमार विश्वकर्मा https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नीति 2020 के अंतर्गत बिहार के विश्वविद्यालयों में स्नातक स्तरीय इंटर्नशिप कार्यक्रम: आवश्यकता, चुनौतियाँ एवं समाधान -एक विश्लेषणात्मक अध्ययन
राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नीति 2020 ने भारतीय उच्च शिक्षा व्यवस्था को ज्ञान-केंद्रित, कौशल-केंद्रित, बहुविषयक और रोजगारोन्मुख बनाने की दिशा में एक महत्त्वपूर्ण संरचनात्मक परिवर्तन प्रस्तुत किया है। इस नीति में स्नातक शिक्षा को केवल सैद्धांतिक ज्ञान तक सीमित न रखकर उसे अनुभवात्मक अधिगम, स्थानीय उद्योग, समुदाय, शोध, नवाचार और कार्यस्थल-आधारित प्रशिक्षण से जोड़ने पर बल दिया गया है। इसी संदर्भ में बिहार के विश्वविद्यालयों में चार वर्षीय स्नातक कार्यक्रम के अंतर्गत इंटर्नशिप कार्यक्रम की आवश्यकता अत्यंत महत्त्वपूर्ण हो जाती है। बिहार जैसे राज्य में, जहाँ उच्च शिक्षा में बड़ी संख्या ग्रामीण, अर्ध-शहरी और प्रथम-पीढ़ी के विद्यार्थी प्रवेश लेते हैं, इंटर्नशिप उनके लिए अकादमिक ज्ञान और व्यावहारिक जीवन के बीच सेतु का कार्य कर सकती है। प्रस्तुत शोध-पत्र का उद्देश्य बिहार के विश्वविद्यालयों में स्नातक स्तरीय इंटर्नशिप कार्यक्रम की आवश्यकता, प्रमुख चुनौतियों और संभावित समाधानों का विश्लेषण करना है। अध्ययन विश्लेषणात्मक एवं वर्णनात्मक पद्धति पर आधारित है तथा इसमें नीति दस्तावेजों, यूजीसी दिशा-निर्देशों, बिहार राजभवन की अधिसूचनाओं और उच्च शिक्षा से जुड़े समकालीन विमर्शों का अध्ययन किया गया है। अध्ययन से स्पष्ट होता है कि इंटर्नशिप कार्यक्रम छात्रों की रोजगार-क्षमता, कौशल विकास, सामाजिक संवेदनशीलता और व्यावसायिक तैयारी को मजबूत कर सकता है। परंतु इसके सफल क्रियान्वयन के लिए स्पष्ट दिशानिर्देश, गुणवत्तापूर्ण प्रशिक्षण संस्थान, डिजिटल मॉनिटरिंग, मूल्यांकन पारदर्शिता, शिक्षक-समन्वय, स्थानीय उद्योग-संस्थान साझेदारी और छात्र-केंद्रित सहायता तंत्र आवश्यक हैं।
Copyright (c) 2025 डॉ मनीष प्रसाद https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
A Critical Comparative Investigation into the Role of Paper Substrate Physicochemical Characteristics in Determining Image Reproduction Accuracy and Print Quality Outcomes in Sheet-Fed Offset Lithographic Printing
The quality of printed products in sheet-fed offset lithographic printing is significantly influenced by the physicochemical characteristics of the paper substrate. Properties such as grammage, thickness, brightness, opacity, surface roughness, tensile strength, tear resistance, and absorbency play a crucial role in determining ink transfer, image reproduction accuracy, and overall print quality. This study presents a critical comparative investigation of different paper substrates used in sheet-fed offset printing to evaluate their impact on key print quality parameters, including dot gain, print density, color reproduction, trapping efficiency, print contrast, and image sharpness. Standardized printing conditions were maintained throughout the experimentation to ensure that variations in print performance could be attributed primarily to substrate characteristics. The physicochemical properties of selected paper grades were measured using standardized testing methods, and the resulting print samples were analyzed using appropriate print quality assessment techniques. The findings reveal significant correlations between substrate properties and print quality outcomes, demonstrating that coated papers generally provide superior image reproduction accuracy, colour fidelity, and surface finish compared to uncoated substrates. The study contributes to a better understanding of substrate–print interactions and offers valuable insights for printers, publishers, and packaging manufacturers in selecting suitable paper grades for achieving optimum print quality and production efficiency.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sonam Verma, Aman Tyagi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
A Systematic Investigation into Printing Defects in Central Impression (CI) Flexographic Printing on Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Substrates
Printing quality in Central Impression (CI) flexographic printing on Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) substrates is strongly influenced by the interaction between substrate surface properties, ink behaviour, and press operating conditions. Despite its wide application in flexible packaging, maintaining consistent print quality remains challenging due to the frequent occurrence of various printing defects. The present investigation systematically examines common defects observed during CI flexographic printing on LDPE films, including ink smearing, dot gain, banding, pinholing, poor ink adhesion, and registration errors. The effects of key process parameters such as printing speed, impression pressure, anilox roller volume, ink viscosity, and substrate surface energy are critically analysed to understand their contribution to defect formation. Controlled printing trials were conducted using LDPE substrates with defined specifications to evaluate variations in print quality under different operating conditions. Results indicate that defect formation is predominantly governed by the combined influence of low surface energy of LDPE, suboptimal ink rheology, and mechanical variations within the printing system. Inadequate wetting and adhesion behaviour leads to ink transfer issues, while improper balance between anilox selection and ink viscosity contributes to tonal inconsistency and print unevenness. Additionally, mechanical instabilities in CI flexographic systems are found to significantly affect registration accuracy and cause banding defects. Findings highlight the necessity of optimizing substrate treatment, ink formulation, and press parameters to minimize defect occurrence and enhance overall print performance on LDPE materials used in flexible packaging applications.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tinku Sharma, Sonam Verma https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Beyond Taxation: Autism Care, Disability Justice, and the Social Impact of GST Reform in India
For many Indian families, the expense of autism care remains a significant burden. In addition to (Autism Spectrum Disorder; ASD), humanitarian passage in beneficial domains next to common routes of the sociocultural environment is the main focus here. By the other hand, it also requires continuous intervention approaches across multiple domains including speech therapy, occupational therapy, behavioural modification therapy, adapted schooling, the use of cutting-edge assistive devices and holistic support to caregivers. Most of these services have to be paid for from private pockets, which constitutes a serious burden on families. The items and Services Tax (GST) simplified India's indirect taxation system but what about the items and services that are taxed which concerns disabilities? GST 2.0: Changes to support autism care and disability welfare, ORMS 2023-10 (October 2023). This paper employs a comprehensive, mixed-methods policy analysis approach to critically assess GST category impacts on the cost and availability of therapies and assistive technology associated with autism. It deals with the tax treatment of computer access software, instructional software, rehabilitative services and employment support technology aids - including augmentative and alternative communication devices; and voice generating equipment. In this essay, I propose that indirect taxation is mainly a tool of social policy for promoting or relieving disability, rather than just a small revenue source. This paper draws on principles of disability justice, social work advocacy and public policy to propose reforms the Goods and Services Tax (GST) as it applies to autism-specific assistive technologies and clearly for therapy services in their interaction with disability benefit schemes. This has shown that tax justification cuts down on cost to families but also, when in proper condition meets the demand for fair access to all the services discussed above. It goes on to argue that tax reform which is sensitive to disability should be highlighted as one of the parts for economic policy reforms needed in order achieve socially just outcomes, and it says social workers could help raise public awareness about these issues.
Autism Spectrum Disorder Disability Rights GST Reform Social Work Healthcare Economics Neurodiversity India.
Copyright (c) 2026 Akanksha Tiwari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Ambient Air Quality Assessment of Nitrogen Dioxide and Sulphur Dioxide in Agra India Spatial Distribution, Seasonal Variation and Year on Year Trends (2024–2026)
This study analyses twenty-five months of ambient air quality monitoring data (March 2024–March 2026) collected at four Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) National Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Programme (NAMP) stations in Agra India: Taj Mahal (heritage monument zone), Itmad-ud-Daulah (secondary heritage zone), Rambagh (residential/traffic corridor) and Nunhai (industrial estate). Monthly mean concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and sulphur dioxide (SO₂) are analysed for seasonal patterns, inter-station spatial gradients and year on year trends. Results reveal a consistent spatial hierarchy (Nunhai > Rambagh ≈ Itmad-ud-Daulah > Taj Mahal) and robust seasonal cycling with NO₂ peaking in the post monsoon and winter seasons and reaching minima during the southwest monsoon. All four stations remain compliant with NAAQS 2009 annual limits for NO₂ (40 µg/m³) but persistently exceed the WHO 2021 annual guideline of 10 µg/m³ indicating a significant public health protection gap. SO₂ concentrations were overwhelmingly below the instrument detection limit (< 4 µg/m³) throughout the study period reflecting the effectiveness of BS-VI fuel standards and Taj Trapezium Zone (TTZ) deindustrialisation policies. A modest year on year improvement in NO₂ was observed at three of four stations between 2024–25 and 2025– 26, tentatively attributed to the cumulative impact of progressive vehicle emission norms. Findings carry important implications for heritage conservation, urban public health policy and the alignment of Indian ambient air quality standards with contemporary WHO evidence.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nishant Jurel https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Chrononutrition And Metabolic Disease: A Review Of Circadian Influences On Metabolic Syndrome, Type 2 Diabetes, And Cardiometabolic Health
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) some of the most common metabolic disorders worldwide and the major causes of heart disease and deaths. In the conventional nutritional therapy, diet composition and calorie restriction remain the main tools; nevertheless, there are increasing pieces of evidence that the timing of eating has an important part in metabolic homeostasis. Chrononutrition is one of the new areas which deal with interaction of nutrients, circadian rhythm, and metabolic processes. The circadian system controls glucose metabolism, insulin secretion, lipids, hormones production, and energy expenditure. Misalignment of circadian rhythm because of irregular eating time, shifts at work, social jetlag, and nighttime eating increases risk for obesity, MetS, and T2DM development. Clinical research has revealed that synchronization of eating time with the internal clock through TRE, eTRF, and optimal eating time can have beneficial impact on insulin resistance, metabolic health, body weight, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels. Recently it has become known that there are several mechanisms involved in linking eating schedule with metabolism, including gut microbiota and hormonal pathways. This review provides an overview of the existing evidence related to chrononutrition and its relevance in metabolic syndrome and T2DM through circadian biology, clinical practice, and therapeutic perspectives. An appreciation of the importance of meal timing can help achieve an efficient complementary intervention for cardiometabolic disorders.
Copyright (c) 2026 Shyamalima deb, Somya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Assessment of Knowledge Regarding Exclusive Breastfeeding among Mothers in a Metropolitan City
Breastfeeding serves as a vital health intervention, offering multifaceted benefits for both mothers and infants. The purpose of this study was to outline breastfeeding-related practices and determine the prevalence of mothers having sufficient knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding. Conducted at an Anganwadi Centre in a metropolitan city, the six-month descriptive cross-sectional study involved 121 mothers selected through simple random sampling. Data on knowledge levels linked to exclusive breastfeeding were gathered by face-to-face interviews using a pre-designed questionnaire. Results revealed that only 50.4% of mothers demonstrated adequate knowledge of the assessed topics, and less than half received breastfeeding counselling during antenatal care. Knowledge gaps were identified in various areas, including health benefits for mothers and infants and colostrum administration. The study underscores the need for comprehensive breastfeeding education during routine antenatal care, with a particular focus on improving counselling rates. Despite limitations such as the relatively small sample size and potential underestimation of counselling rates based on mothers' reports, the findings emphasize the critical role of closing knowledge gaps in promoting optimal breastfeeding practices. Strategies for improvement include integrating lactation consultants into antenatal clinics, training healthcare staff, and instituting standardized counselling models. In conclusion, enhancing breastfeeding education and counselling is pivotal for empowering mothers to make informed feeding decisions. This study contributes valuable insights to public health programming, advocating for targeted interventions to bridge knowledge disparities and support mothers in achieving their breastfeeding goals.
Copyright (c) 2026 Astha Singh, Prajwal Kather https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Solar Energy Conversion Materials: Progress, Challenges & Future Direction
Solar power is one of the most promising renewable energy sources to meet global energy requirements and to reduce environmental impacts of fossil fuel use. The properties and the developments of materials for solar energy conversion are key to the performance and efficiency of solar energy systems. The review covers an overview of the basic principles of solar energy conversion, and the different classes of materials used in the photovoltaic and solar thermal technologies: semiconductor materials, thin-film materials, perovskites, organic photovoltaics, nanomaterials, dye-sensitized materials, quantum dots and hybrid composites. The energy conversion efficiency and system performance have been significantly improved due to recent advances in material engineering, nanotechnology, tandem solar cell architectures and sustainable material development. There are still several problems to be solved, such as material instability, material efficiency, production cost, environmental protection, expandability, and recycling. The review emphasizes the present technological advancements and outlines future research directions to improve the performance of solar energy conversion materials with high efficiency, durability, environmental friendly and economic viability, so as to realize the global transition to clean and renewable energy systems.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mahendra Kumar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Investigation of the Effects of Process Parameters on the Performance of Gravure Printed Films on Flexible Substrates
The performance of printed films placed on flexible substrates is examined in this study in relation to important gravure printing process parameters. Parameters such as printing speed, gravure cell geometry, ink composition, solvent concentration, and impression pressure were systematically analyzed using a Design of Experiments (DoE) approach. The printed films were evaluated in terms of thickness, surface roughness, transparency, and electrical conductivity. Results indicate that ink solid content and cell geometry significantly affect film thickness and uniformity, while printing speed influences ink transfer efficiency and surface morphology. The findings provide valuable insights for optimizing gravure printing conditions to produce high-quality functional films for packaging and printed electronics applications.
Copyright (c) 2026 Pankaj Kumar Yadav, Sonam Verma https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Space-Grade Printing Technology for Aerospace Packaging Solutions
Aerospace packaging solutions demand unprecedented material integrity to protect ultra-sensitive electronic components, propulsion units, and life-support subsystems during launch and prolonged deep-space missions. Traditional packaging systems fail under extreme environmental stresses, including intense thermal vacuum cycling, high-energy ionizing and cosmic radiation, atomic oxygen erosion, and severe mechanical vibrations (>14G). This paper establishes a comprehensive technical framework for Space-Grade Printing Technology, evaluating high-performance additive manufacturing systems, functional conductive ink engineering, and advanced smart structural integration. We systematically map the material science of space-ready polymers specifically Polyetheretherketone (PEEK), Polyetherketoneketone (PEKK), and Polyimide (PEI/ULTEM 9085) and detail the optimization of Aerosol Jet Printing (AJP) and Direct Ink Writing (DIW) for printing conformal embedded electronics directly onto packaging surfaces. Furthermore, this study evaluates strict compliance frameworks governed by NASA and European Space Agency (ESA) outgassing standards (ASTM E595) and non destructive forensic testing methods. This research provides a roadmap for executing zero-failure, lightweight, and smart space-grade packaging matrices.
Copyright (c) 2025 Siddhartha Kumar, Mrs. Sonam Verma https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Using FinTech Tools to Improve Financial Literacy: A Systematic Literature Review on Adoption and Challenges
The rapid expansion of Financial Technology (FinTech) has transformed the financial landscape by enhancing accessibility, efficiency, and financial inclusion through digital banking, mobile wallets, and Unified Payments Interface (UPI) platforms. However, the effectiveness of FinTech adoption depends significantly on users’ financial and digital literacy levels. This study presents a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of 33 scholarly articles published between 2019 and 2025 to examine the relationship between FinTech adoption, financial literacy, digital literacy, and financial inclusion, with particular emphasis on emerging economies such as India. The review identifies three major themes: (i) adoption and utilization of FinTech tools, (ii) the impact of FinTech on financial literacy and financial behavior, and (iii) challenges affecting the effective use of digital financial services. Findings reveal that FinTech tools have significantly improved financial accessibility, reduced transaction costs, and promoted financial inclusion among diverse population groups. Financial literacy emerges as a critical determinant of adoption, influencing users’ confidence, trust, decision-making ability, and responsible financial behavior. Individuals possessing higher levels of financial and digital literacy demonstrate greater readiness to adopt FinTech services and are more likely to engage in saving, investment, and effective financial management practices. The review further highlights that vulnerable groups, including rural households, women entrepreneurs, and low-income consumers, continue to face barriers such as inadequate digital infrastructure, limited awareness, cybersecurity concerns, and socio-economic constraints. These challenges restrict the equitable benefits of digital financial innovations. The findings also indicate that sustainable FinTech adoption requires supportive regulatory frameworks, robust consumer protection mechanisms, digital education initiatives, and trust-building measures. The study concludes that FinTech should be viewed not merely as a technological innovation but as a catalyst for financial empowerment. Integrating financial and digital literacy into FinTech ecosystems is essential for achieving inclusive and sustainable financial development. Future research should explore long-term behavioral outcomes, trust dynamics, and intergenerational patterns of digital financial adoption.
Copyright (c) 2026 Himanshu Rai, Himanshi Gupta, Yogesh Sharma, Richa Jain https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Formulation and evaluation of solid lipid nano particle of Vaccinium Macrocarpon Extract and Its Antimicrobial Activity
A promising and adaptable drug delivery method that fills the gap between "polymeric nanoparticles" and "lipid emulsions" is solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs). The goal of the current work was to formulate, optimize, and assess SLNs loaded with cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) extract for increased antibacterial activity. Vaccinium macrocarpon, a member of the Ericaceae family, is renowned for its broad-spectrum antibacterial qualities, antioxidant potential, and high phenolic and flavonoid content. Methanol and petroleum ether were used as solvents in the soxhlet extraction process to create the extract. Flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, glycosides, phenolic chemicals, triterpenoids, and steroids were all found in the methanolic extract, according to phytochemical screening. The results showed that the "total flavonoid content (TFC)" was 15.23 mg per gram equivalent of rutin and the total phenolic content (TPC) was 62.03 mg per gram equivalent of gallic acid. "Compritol" was used as the "lipid phase" and "sodium lauryl sulphate" as the "surfactant" in the solvent evaporation process utilized to create SLNs. Lipid and surfactant amounts were varied to create five formulations (F1–F5). Malvern Zetasizer's particle size study showed sizes ranging from 574.2 to 993.4 nm; formulation F3 had the smallest particle size, measuring 574.2 nm. The range of zeta potential readings was "-1.2 mV to 5.3 mV". The smooth surface and spherical shape were verified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antimicrobial activity of optimized formulation "F3" against "Escherichia coli" was demonstrated by dose-dependent zones of inhibition measuring 7 mm, 10 mm, and 13 mm at 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg/mL, respectfully. The F3 formulation remained stable for a three-month period with no appreciable changes in size of particles or zeta potential, according to stability assays conducted under accelerated settings. The findings show that SLNs loaded with Vaccinium macrocarpon extract are a stable and practical nanoformulation with strong antibacterial activity.
Copyright (c) 2026 Diksha Gurjar, Brajesh Kumar Arjariya, Sheenam Mansuri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Role of Air Conditioning Systems in Indoor Thermal Comfort
Thermal comfort is a fundamental aspect of IEQ that has a direct impact on the health, well-being, satisfaction, and productivity of occupants. With the rise of urbanization and building occupancy, the demand for efficient air conditioning systems that can provide a comfortable indoor environment has grown more significant. The basic fundamentals that affect thermal comfort, such as clothing insulation, metabolic rate, air temperature, relative humidity, air velocity and mean radiant temperature are discussed. The study also examines the advanced enhancement methods for air conditioning systems such as optimized supply and return air configurations, Variable Air Volume (VAV) systems, demand controlled ventilation, smart thermostats, adaptive control, and zonal cooling systems. The use of computational fluid dynamics, artificial intelligence, smart sensors and personal cooling technologies is gaining prominence in recent literature to enhance thermal comfort and decrease energy use. The results suggest that the intelligent and adaptive HVAC systems can have a substantial impact on the indoor environmental quality, the satisfaction felt by occupants, and the energy efficiency of buildings. The review provides valuable insights into current developments and future directions for achieving sustainable and occupant-centered thermal comfort management in modern buildings.
Copyright (c) 2026 Shivendra Singh, Dileep Kumar Jigyasi, N.K. Sagar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Recent Advances in Passive Cooling Techniques for Indoor Thermal Comfort
Passive cooling techniques are proving to be effective and sustainable approaches to achieve adequate indoor thermal comfort in buildings with less energy consumption. With the rising atmospheric temperature and the rapid growth of the urban population along with the negative environmental effects of air-conditioning systems, energy efficient cooling solutions have become more important than ever. This review paper covers the recent developments of the passive cooling methods to provide comfortable indoor environments by natural cooling process and climate responsive building design. The study emphasizes to the main passive cooling methods: natural ventilation, shading systems, thermal mass, evaporative cooling, windcatchers, green roofs, and innovative building material. New advances in adaptive ventilation, smart shading and sustainable architecture are also mentioned. Also, the review will investigate the contribution of passive cooling to achieve a better indoor environment and to enhance the well-being of the occupants. The results show a significant improvement in thermal comfort and a decrease in cooling loads and environmental impacts when multiple passive cooling strategies are combined. In conclusion, passive cooling technologies are viable and sustainable solutions for future building design with an aim to low energy consumption.
Copyright (c) 2026 Shivendra Singh, Amit Vishwakarma, N.K. Sagar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Development of Intelligent Solar Panel Cleaning Robot for Enhanced Energy Efficiency
A critical factor degrading solar panel efficiency is the soiling effect the accumulation of dust, particulate matter, bird droppings, and environmental debris on the anti-reflective coating of PV modules. Such optical obstruction significantly attenuates incident photon irradiance, leading to power generation losses of up to 30% in arid and semi-arid regions. Conventional manual cleaning interventions are labor-intensive, hazardous, and highly water-inefficient, highlighting the critical need for automated alternatives. This research presents the design, development, and validation of an intelligent, autonomous, and resource efficient robotic cleaning system tailored for inclined PV arrays. The proposed architecture utilizes a low-cost, high efficiency processing unit Arduino integrated with a customized wheeled chassis optimized for the tilt angles of standard PV installations. Navigation and spatial boundary recognition are governed by an advanced array of ultrasonic and infrared (IR) edge-detection sensors, ensuring strict adherence to the panel perimeter and preventing catastrophic falls. The electro-mechanical cleaning mechanism employs a continuous rotary brush coupled with a dry-wipe methodology, drastically reducing water consumption. Experimental validation conducted on a specialized test rig demonstrates robust edge detection under varying ambient light conditions and reliable locomotion on inclinations up to 25 degrees. Comparative analysis of current-voltage (I-V) characteristics before and after automated cleaning revealed a substantial recovery in PV power output, validating the system's efficacy. Ultimately, this autonomous robotic paradigm presents a scalable, cost-effective solution for large-scale solar farms, substantially improving the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) while mitigating operational hazards and resource wastage.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tirth kumar Hitendrabhai Patel, Nisarg Nishith kumar Parekh, Sahil kumar Dineshbhai Parmar, Pritkumar Patel, Apexa Purohit, Mayur Chavda, Mayank Dev Singh, Jai Bahadur Balwanshi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysing Consumer Behaviour Patterns and Institutional Practices Towards E-Waste Disposal in Patna
With rising per capita income and improving living standards among Patna residents, the consumption of electronic goods has increased significantly. Rapid consumerism, coupled with the frequent introduction of advanced models of electronic appliances, has led consumers to replace older devices more often—thereby contributing to a continuous rise in e-waste generation. According to the WHO (2025), e-waste is the fastest-growing stream of solid waste globally. An IIT Patna report further indicates that Patna is the largest consumer of electronic goods in Bihar. The city hosts numerous IT companies, major corporate houses, business enterprises, and shopping malls. Although there are 142 authorised collection centers listed by the Bihar State Pollution Control Board and two electronic-waste recycling units in Patna, the infrastructure for formal e-waste recycling remains inadequate. While Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) regulations are in place in the state, public awareness regarding e-waste disposal and recycling is low. A majority of consumers continue to discard e-waste through raddiwalas operating in the informal sector. This paper analyses consumer behaviour patterns and institutional policies and practices concerning e-waste disposal and management in Patna. The study is based on both primary and secondary data
Copyright (c) 2026 Kalpana Kumari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Green Commerce in the Digital Age: The Role of E-commerce Platforms in Promoting Sustainable Consumption
During the digital transformation era, e-commerce has become a pivotal driver in shaping consumer behaviour and advancing market sustainability. The study examines how online retail and AI-driven marketing stimulate eco-friendly buying behaviour. With the growing integration of artificial intelligence, recommendation algorithms, and personalised marketing strategies, e-commerce platforms possess remarkable potential to encourage environmentally responsible consumer choices. Additionally, the adoption of green digital innovations—such as carbon footprint calculators, eco-labelling, and sustainable product filters—has transformed the way consumers identify and engage with sustainable products. The study also highlights the increasing implication of corporate transparency and digital sustainability reporting, which enhances consumer trust and strengthens brand loyalty. As e-commerce continues to evolve as a catalyst for sustainable consumption, evaluating its contribution to SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) becomes essential for fostering global environmental and economic resilience. The objective of this research paper is to study the influence of AI-driven marketing and recommendation algorithms on consumers’ eco-friendly purchasing behaviour in e-commerce platforms and also to assess the relationship between consumer awareness, trust in sustainability claims and their willingness to purchase green products online, which will help to analyse the impact of digital transparency features for promoting sustainable consumption through e-commerce and to study these responses, data is collected both primary data in the form of a questionnaire and secondary data through journals, research papers and different articles.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rachna Thakkar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Explainable Quantum-Optimized Efficient Net Framework For Multi-Class Disaster Image Classification
Disaster detection needs to happen accurately and instantly because it helps to reduce human deaths and financial losses and environmental destruction. Satellite remote sensing and artificial intelligence advancements have created better systems which can automatically identify disasters through their analysis of extensive satellite imagery. Deep learning disaster detection systems function as black-box systems which restrict their ability to operate in emergency situations because decision-makers cannot understand their functioning. The research presents a deep learning system which combines explainability with quantum-enhanced efficiency to classify multiple disaster types through image analysis. The system uses EfficientNetB0 to extract features with high efficiency while using a quantum-inspired metaheuristic algorithm to select the best features and multiple Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) methods which include Grad-CAM Saliency Maps and LIME. The proposed system is trained and evaluated on the Comprehensive Disaster Dataset (CDD) introduced by Niloy et al., comprising flood, wildfire, earthquake damage, landslide, urban fire, and non-disaster classes. The experimental assessment shows that the proposed system reaches 98.4% classification accuracy while maintaining high precision and recall and F1-score performance across all disaster categories. The model uses XAI techniques to provide visual and instance-level understanding of its predictions because the model needs to show how disaster features impact its outcomes. Comparative analysis indicates superior performance and improved explainability over recent deep learning–based disaster detection systems. The results confirm that combining quantum-based feature optimization with explainable deep learning enhances both predictive performance and operational trust, making the framework suitable for real-world disaster management and emergency response systems.
Copyright (c) 2026 Samiksha Bharti, Bappaditya Das https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Recent Progress in Solar Cell Physics: Materials, Efficiency, and Emerging Trends
This review paper provides a concise review of the recent developments in the physics of solar cells, in materials, efficiency enhancement, and technological trends. The paper discusses the working principle and historical evolution of the photovoltaic technology, as well as the various kinds of solar cells, including crystalline silicon, thin-film, perovskite, and organic photovoltaics. Notable gains in efficiency and performance have also been achieved through significant advances in material science and the device architecture, including PERC technology, tandem cells, and multi-junction designs. In the review, the significance of nanotechnology and improved fabrication strategies in improving the performance of solar cells is also mentioned. Even with these developments, issues like stability, cost, scalability and environmental impact are critical issues. This paper gives an insight into future prospects of developing efficient, cost-effective, and sustainable solar energy system by identifying research gaps and analyzing the current trends.
Copyright (c) 2025 Vinod Kumar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0