International Journal of Innovations in Science, Engineering And Management
IJISEM International Journal of Innovations in Science, Engineering And Management A Peer-reviewed Scholarly Indexed Quarterly Journal International Journal of Innovations in Science, Engineering, and Management (IJISEM) is an open-access publication overseen by IJISEM Journals. It is dedicated to fostering the interests of emerging and promising writers. IJISEM endeavors to transcend geographical boundaries by welcoming contributions from professionals and academics worldwide, not limited to India. We thus adopted the term International as our motto and used it in the title of our journal. We are dedicated to fostering innovation and excellence across scientific, engineering, and management disciplines through our commitment to sharing knowledge. The publication focuses on research and intellectual viewpoints in order to achieve this goal. Realistic analysis, interdisciplinary/applied/methodological, empirical evidence production and utilization, critical viewpoint development and policy building work are all welcome in achieving this goal. IJISEM aims to provide a platform for doctoral researchers to showcase their investigations and disseminate their research findings and knowledge to a wider audience. IJISEM International Journal of Innovations in Science, Engineering and Management Title IJISEM International Journal of Innovations in Science, Engineering And Management Frequency Quarterly (July, October, January and April) ISSN 2583 – 7117 Publication Format Online Chief Editor Dr. Rajesh Gupta Publisher Yogesh Sharma, M.Tech (Industrial Design) Subject Multidisciplinary Published by IJISEM Journals Starting Year 2022 E-Mail editor@ijisem.com Mobile No (+91) 70893666889 Mobile No (+91) 9981622288 Publishing Body AG Publishing House Language Multiple Languages Copyright AG Publishing House Website http://www.ijisem.com/ Address IJISEM Journals 57-First Floor, Susheela Bhawan, Priyadarshini Phase-3, near Meenakshi Planet City, Bagmugaliya, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462043
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Advancing Hematological Diagnostics in Resource-Constrained Settings: A Robust Deep Learning Solution for Sickle Cell Anemia Screening
This study introduces a deep learning model for the identification of sickle cell anaemia (SCA) in red blood cell (RBC) images, with the objective of facilitating efficient diagnostics in resource-limited environments. The study used a DenseNet121-based convolutional neural network (CNN) with a custom classification head and a unique dataset of 691 images from Uganda's Teso region that were processed with Field and Leichman stains. The strong method included using RandomUnderSampler and SMOTE to fix class imbalance, as well as Albumentations to add more data to make the model more resistant to image variability, like differences in staining and blurry images. The model was trained with a 4-fold cross-validation method. In just nine epochs, it reached a peak training accuracy of 96.4% and a loss of 4.0153. This better efficiency and performance beat work that used an InceptionV3 model (91% accuracy, 28.7 loss, 100 epochs). The model's high accuracy and robustness suggest that it could be used in clinical settings in areas where SCA is common, which would be a big step forward for automated haematological diagnostics.
Copyright (c) 2025 Neelkamal Vishwakarma, Gunjan Kumar Mishra, Gaurav Chaubey https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
A Review on Phytochemical Constituents and Anti-Urolithic Activity of Medicinal Plants
Urolithiasis remains a significant global health burden, characterized by the recurrent formation of crystalline calculi within the urinary tract. Despite advancements in lithotripsy and surgical interventions, these methods often fail to prevent recurrence and are associated with substantial costs. This review synthesizes current knowledge on medicinal plants as sustainable alternatives for the management of kidney stones. It explores the diverse phytochemical profiles of ethnomedicinal species, emphasizing the roles of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. These bioactive compounds exert anti-urolithiatic effects through multi-targeted mechanisms, including the inhibition of calcium oxalate (CaOx) nucleation, crystal growth, and aggregation, alongside potent diuretic and antioxidant activities. By examining both in vitro dissolution assays and in vivo rodent models, this paper highlights the synergistic potential of herbal formulations in mitigating oxidative stress and renal tissue damage. The findings underscore the necessity for standardized clinical trials to transition traditional botanical knowledge into evidence-based phytotherapies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mahesh Gupta, Priyanka More, Satkar Prasad, Khushboo Chouhan, Shailesh Ghatuary https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
A study on the Impact of Social Media Analytics on Brand Loyalty in the Online Era
Particularly in competitive and dynamic market contexts, social media analytics (SMA) has emerged as a vital tool for boosting company and brand loyalty. The significance of social media analytics, how social media fosters brand loyalty, the function of social media analytics in brand development, and the effect of social media analytics on brand loyalty were all covered in this article. AI and ML-driven analytics are emphasized as the major factors that enabled businesses to switch their strategies from reactive to proactive. The data resulting from engagement metrics, sentiment analysis, and real-time feedback indicates that ongoing interaction, tailored communication, influencer marketing, and user-generated content are the major contributing factors to trust, customer satisfaction, and sustainable brand loyalty in the digital marketplace.
Copyright (c) 2025 S. Velayutham https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
A Review on Phytochemical Constitutions and Pharmacological activities of Acrostichum Aureum
The edible mangrove plant fern Acrostichum aureum is mostly found in tropical and subtropical climates worldwide. The purpose of this review was to give comprehensive information about Acrostichum aureum's traditional usage, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities. The ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of the plant were thoroughly searched in scientific literature utilising databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and ResearchGate. Alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, and amino acids are just a few of the phytochemicals found in Acrostichum aureum that support its wound-healing, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. Given its powerful therapeutic potential, more research and validation of bioactive compounds are necessary for upcoming clinical and drug-development uses.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ankit Kumar Roy, Priyanka More, Satkar Prasad, Khushboo Chouhan, Shailesh Ghatuary https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
A Comprehensive Review on Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Alstonia scholaris
In traditional therapeutic systems, Alstonia scholaris is commonly employed. It is used to cure "diarrhoea, malaria, asthma, fever, epilepsy, skin disorders, snake bites", and other conditions in India, Thailand, China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Africa, Australia, and other places because of its abundant natural active components. This review highlights the phytochemical richness and pharmacological potential of Alstonia scholaris (“Saptaparni”), covering its traditional uses, bioactive constituents, and therapeutic activities including analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anticancer effects. Despite promising in-vitro and in-vivo findings, limited clinical trials and mechanistic data remain major gaps. Further research is essential to validate safety, isolate active compounds, and advance its therapeutic applications.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nilesh Mohan Mishra, Khooshbu chouhan, Satkar Prasad, Shailesh Ghatuary, Priyanka More https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Digital Retail Dilemma: Causes and Effects of Online Shopping Stress among Gen Z
E-commerce has transformed the retail landscape, and Generation Z, a cohort born to the internet, have been heavily affected by online purchases that have resulted in the rapid growth of e-commerce. Whereas online shopping brings about convenience, availability, and personalization, online shopping introduces stressors that cut across the well-being of consumers. This research paper uses the systematic literature review to investigate the causes, consequences, and implications of online shopping stress among Gen Z shoppers. The main stressors are problems with information overload, security, and decision fatigue as well as the intricacies of returns and refunds. Anxieties regarding privacy following the tracking of data and targeted advertising contribute to the increased shopping stress level. Moreover, the dependence on recommendations and social media which are based on AI also adds to the increase of expectations and impulse buying, which usually result in an unhappy ending. The review also points more at the impact of online shopping stress, including decreased consumer trust, decreased levels of satisfaction and increased rates of cart abandonment. Aspects that are associated with stress deter brand loyalty, it is of great importance that e-commerce platforms should consider such issues. Some of the measures that can be implemented to reduce online shopping anxiety are reducing the complexity of the web site structure, ensuring that the security provisions are more transparent, improving the policies upon customer returns and installing AI-enhanced customer services. Besides, more positive consumer reaction can be encouraged through ethical consumer marketing practices and functions of stressful shopping. This study summarises the available literature, and as a result, it offers a holistic perspective on the digital retail dilemma and provides business managers with practical recommendations on improving consumer welfare. By managing the stress of online shopping, the customer satisfaction is enhanced at par with preventing the long-term involvement and sustainability in the competitive e-commerce environment.
Copyright (c) 2025 Deepak Bisht, Puskar Negi, Atul Sharma https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Impact of the Faceless Assessment System on Taxpayer Satisfaction and Trust in the Tax Administration Process with Reference to State of Madhya Pradesh
The introduction of Faceless Assessment by the Income Tax Department represents a major shift toward technology-driven, transparent, and efficient tax administration in India. This study examines the impact of the Faceless Assessment system on taxpayer satisfaction and trust in the tax administration process. Using primary data collected from individual taxpayers and professionals, along with secondary data from government reports and policy documents, the study evaluates key dimensions such as transparency, fairness, responsiveness, convenience, and procedural efficiency. The findings reveal that faceless assessment has significantly reduced physical interface, minimized chances of harassment, and improved perceived transparency. However, challenges remain regarding system usability, technical glitches, and communication gaps. Overall, the study concludes that while faceless assessment has positively contributed by enhancing trust and satisfaction among taxpayers, further reforms in digital infrastructure, grievance redressal mechanisms, and user-friendly interfaces are essential to optimize its effectiveness. This paper offers recommendations to strengthen policy implementation and improve taxpayer experience in the evolving digital tax administration ecosystem.
Copyright (c) 2025 Bipin Kumar Ahirwar, N.K. Shrivastava https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
महिलाओं को आत्मनिर्भर बनाने में सरकारी योजनाओं की भूमिका: एक समीक्षा
महिलाओं को आर्थिक और सामाजिक रूप से स्वतंत्र बनाना महिला सशक्तिकरण का मुख्य लक्ष्य है। लड़कियों को अच्छी शिक्षा देना महिला सशक्तिकरण का मुख्य लक्ष्य है। भारत सरकार इस लक्ष्य को पूरा करने के लिए कई प्रकार की योजनाएँ, कार्यक्रम और पहल चला रही है। इन योजनाओं का उद्देश्य महिलाओं को शिक्षा और प्रशिक्षण, रोजगार के अवसर, कौशल विकास, आर्थिक सहायता, कार्यस्थल पर सुरक्षा और अन्य ज़रूरी सुविधाएँ समान रूप से उपलब्ध कराना है। यह लेख भारत में महिला सशक्तिकरण के महत्व को उजागर करता है और बताता है कि सरकारी योजनाएँ किस तरह महिलाओं को आत्मनिर्भर बनने में मदद करती हैं। इसमें महिला सशक्तिकरण में आने वाली चुनौतियों, महिला उद्यमियों को बढ़ावा देने वाली प्रमुख सरकारी योजनाओं और महिलाओं की शिक्षा से जुड़े मुख्य पहलुओं पर चर्चा की गई है। रिपोर्ट के अनुसार, मुद्रा योजना, स्टैंड-अप इंडिया और WEP जैसी पहलें आर्थिक समावेशन, उद्यमिता, और सतत विकास को बढ़ावा देती हैं तथा महिलाओं की आर्थिक और सामाजिक स्थिति को बेहतर बनाती हैं।
Copyright (c) 2025 माधुरी शर्मा , उषा वैद्य https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
A Review on Urbanization and Rural Development in India
Rural India is undergoing a significant societal shift. Abrupt drops in agricultural employment, local economic restructuring, shifting livelihoods, and the rise of new types of permanent cyclical labour mobility are characteristics of modern urbanisation processes. Urbanisation is a tendency that may be seen in both established and developing countries, and it is an unavoidable byproduct of economic growth and progress. The need for housing, infrastructure, transportation, and other essential services has increased, though, in nations like India where urban populations have grown especially quickly. The origins, difficulties, and societal issues related to India's urbanisation were discussed in this article. Furthermore, the significance, problems, and plans of India's rural development. This article concluded that balanced and inclusive development—integrating technological advancement, infrastructure growth, and community participation—is essential for achieving sustainable urbanization and uplifting rural communities in India.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dhanbanti Chanchal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
अल्पशिक्षित महिलाओं को आत्मनिर्भर बनाने में शासकीय योजनाओं की भूमिका पर एक अध्ययन खण्डवा जिले के विशेष सन्दर्भ में
भारत जैसे विकासशील देश में महिलाओं की सामाजिक, आर्थिक और शैक्षणिक स्थिति राष्ट्र की प्रगति का आधार मानी जाती है। महिला सशक्तिकरण केवल अधिकारों की सुरक्षा तक सीमित न होकर उन्हें आत्मनिर्भर बनाने की समग्र प्रक्रिया है। इसी दिशा में भारत सरकार एवं राज्य सरकारों द्वारा शिक्षा, कौशल विकास, स्वरोजगार, ऋण सहायता और सामाजिक सुरक्षा जैसी अनेक योजनाएँ लागू की गई हैं। प्रस्तुत शोध का उद्देश्य अल्पशिक्षित महिलाओं हेतु संचालित इन योजनाओं एवं कार्यक्रमों की जानकारी एकत्र करना, महिलाओं में उनकी जागरूकता का स्तर जानना, योजनाओं की प्रभावशीलता का विश्लेषण करना तथा क्रियान्वयन के दौरान आने वाली चुनौतियों की पहचान कर उपयुक्त सुझाव प्रस्तुत करना है। यह अध्ययन मिश्रित शोध पद्धति पर आधारित है, जिसमें गुणात्मक एवं मात्रात्मक दोनों विधियों का उपयोग किया गया। अल्पशिक्षित उत्तरदाताओं की स्थिति को देखते हुए डेटा संकलन हेतु साक्षात्कार अनुसूची का प्रयोग किया गया, जिसका पायलट परीक्षण 20 महिलाओं पर किया गया। शोध मध्यप्रदेश के खंडवा जिले तक सीमित रहा और उद्देश्यपूर्ण नमूना चयन से 650 में से 630 पूर्ण उत्तरदाताओं का डेटा प्राप्त हुआ। निष्कर्षों से ज्ञात हुआ कि शासकीय योजनाएँ अल्पशिक्षित महिलाओं के आर्थिक, सामाजिक और मानसिक सशक्तिकरण में प्रभावी हैं, हालांकि जानकारी का अभाव, स्थानीय भाषा में प्रचार की कमी और प्रक्रिया की जटिलता जैसी चुनौतियाँ मौजूद हैं। इन योजनाओं को अधिक सुलभ, समावेशी और संवेदनशील बनाकर महिलाओं के जीवन में महत्वपूर्ण सकारात्मक परिवर्तन लाया जा सकता है।
Copyright (c) 2025 उषा वैद्य, माधुरी शर्मा https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
A Review on Wound Healing: Understanding its Phase and Mechanisms
Wound healing is a highly specialised, dynamic, multi-phase process that uses a complex mechanism to mend damaged or wounded tissues. Any disruption in the natural healing process of a wound leads to the production of aberrant scars and a chronic condition that makes the person more vulnerable to infections. The idea of wound healing as well as molecular and cellular processes were covered in this article. Emphasise the elements that influence wound healing as well. Using keywords like wound healing, cellular processes, and molecular mechanisms, secondary material was gathered from databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and ResearchGate. It concluded that wound healing is a highly coordinated biological process driven by the interplay of keratinocytes, fibroblasts, immune cells, cytokines, and growth factors that collectively regulate inflammation, proliferation, and tissue remodeling. Key signaling pathways, including NF-κB, MAPK, and STAT3, orchestrate cellular responses essential for effective repair.
Copyright (c) 2025 Shyam Bahadur, Sunil Ahirwar, Satkar Prasad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
ML-Based Detection of Credit Card Fraud Using Synthetic Minority Oversampling
Credit card fraud detection is an essential and classic but very difficult problem consisting of imbalanced classification where fraud transactions are almost nonexistent as compared with legitimate ones. This paper proposes an approach which main feature is a combination of an imbalanced data technique based on the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) with an XGBoost classifier for credit card fraud detection. We delineate the dataset preparation, feature preprocessing, SMOTE resampling, model configuration and training, and evaluation metrics (Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1, AUC, and confusion matrix). Additionally, a comparative experiment plan is defined that includes baseline classical models (Logistic Regression, Random Forest, Artificial Neural Network) thereby allowing practitioners to perform benchmarking against other models' performances. The complete code necessary for conducting the experiments is accessible (the user-supplied Colab script was used as the foundation). The results show that if XGBoost is used in combination with careful preprocessing and SMOTE it will acquire a strong recall very important properties for fraud detection while still to an extent retaining high precision. We elaborate on the limitations (synthetic oversampling risks, concept drift) and plan ahead for the future inventiveness (cost-sensitive learning, streaming models, explainability).
Copyright (c) 2023 Elavarasi Kesavan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Assessing Solar Photovoltaic Efficiency and Reliability: A Data-Driven Analysis of Environmental and Inverter Factors
The study delivers a thorough evaluation of the PV solar power plant performance, with a spotlight on energy generation, efficiency, and system's environmental impacts. A data-driven method has been introduced for this purpose and the high-resolution data of generation and weather covering the 33-day period has been scrutinized. The main performance indicators, i.e., the Performance Ratio (PR) and Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE), were computed. According to the research, the system reliability was extraordinarily high, as the inverter PR values remained consistently high (0.991–0.997), which implies that the energy produced was very close to the plant's nominal capacity. The PCE measurement indicated that the conversion from DC to AC was very good (PCE averages of about 9.77%). The use of correlation and multiple linear regression techniques led to confirming that the irradiation is the overwhelmingly primary factor that influences the AC power output, having a share of 92% in the whole AC power output variation ( ). The thermal aspect was acknowledged, although the analysis of the temperature coefficient led to the conclusion that there might be the heating of the module, but that heating has the least impact on the system efficiency. Besides, the elasticity and regression studies have shown the substantial influence of changes in irradiation and module temperature on power output. The results suggest that the photovoltaic power plant is not only operating-but-also-is-an-efficient-and-reliable-source-of-power and besides that, it is providing valuable data for system health monitoring, energy production improvement, and future operations and maintenance strategies designing.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mumtaz Anwar Khan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Income Tax Reforms in India: A Special Study on the Impact on Tax Assessees and Tax Authorities
Income tax reforms in India have accelerated with digitization, transparency measures and system modernization. The introduction of reforms such as e-filing, pre-filled ITRs, AIS and TIS, faceless assessments and improved taxpayer services represent a major shift in India’s tax ecosystem. This research uses primary data from 50 respondents—25 tax assessees and 25 tax authorities—and evaluates the impact of these reforms on efficiency, compliance behaviour and perceived transparency. The study finds that reforms have substantially improved administrative efficiency and reduced physical interface; however, digital literacy barriers and system errors remain challenges. The paper concludes with recommendations for strengthening user awareness, simplifying processes and enhancing system stability.
ग्रामीण भारत में डिजिटल उपयोगिता के सामाजिक और आर्थिक कारकों का अध्ययन सागर जिले के संदर्भ में
यह अध्ययन ग्रामीण भारत में डिजिटल उपयोगिता तथा उससे जुड़े सामाजिक और आर्थिक कारकों का विश्लेषण प्रस्तुत करता है। शोध का मुख्य उद्देश्य डिजिटल सेवाओं की उपलब्धता, पहुँच और प्रभावशीलता का मूल्यांकन करना है, साथ ही यह समझना कि ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में लोग इन सेवाओं का किस स्तर पर उपयोग कर रहे हैं और उन्हें किन प्रमुख बाधाओं का सामना करना पड़ता है। 463 उत्तरदाताओं से एक संरचित सर्वेक्षण के माध्यम से संकलित डेटा का पाँच-बिंदुीय मापक्रम पर विश्लेषण किया गया, जिसमें लिंग, आयु, शिक्षा, आय स्रोत तथा डिजिटल सेवाओं के उपयोग से संबंधित प्रतिक्रियाओं का अध्ययन शामिल है। परिणाम बताते हैं कि डिजिटल सेवाओं का उपयोग आयु, शिक्षा एवं व्यवसाय के अनुसार भिन्न पाया गया, और पुरुषों की भागीदारी महिलाओं से अधिक रही। डिजिटल वित्तीय सेवाओं को सुविधाजनक माना गया, किंतु सीमित वित्तीय ज्ञान, इंटरनेट की उच्च लागत, कमजोर कनेक्टिविटी और कम डिजिटल साक्षरता प्रमुख बाधाएँ रहीं। फिर भी, उत्तरदाताओं ने शिक्षा और वित्तीय लेनदेन में डिजिटल तकनीकों को उपयोगी माना। अध्ययन निष्कर्ष निकालता है कि ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में डिजिटल सेवाओं की प्रभावशीलता बढ़ाने के लिए डिजिटल साक्षरता, इंटरनेट अवसंरचना और साइबर सुरक्षा को मजबूत करना आवश्यक है। विशेष रूप से महिलाओं तथा आर्थिक रूप से कमजोर वर्गों को डिजिटल प्रणाली से जोड़ने के प्रयास बढ़ाए जाने चाहिए। सरकारी और निजी क्षेत्र के सहयोग से डिजिटल विभाजन कम होकर सामाजिक एवं आर्थिक विकास को और अधिक गति मिल सकती है।
Copyright (c) 2025 रश्मि शर्मा, डॉ. शेरसिंग2 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
A Comprehensive Review on Deep Learning Methods in Medical Image Analysis
Deep learning (DL) has transformed medical image analysis over the past decade, enabling automated, accurate, and scalable solutions for detection, classification, segmentation, and synthesis of medical images. This review synthesizes the evolution of major deep learning architectures including Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), and Transformers and focuses on their specific applications in medical imaging modalities such as X-ray, CT, MRI, ultrasound, and histopathology. We discuss training strategies, data challenges, evaluation metrics, and clinical translation barriers. Finally, we present comparative tables, figure placeholders for common architectures, and an outlook on emerging directions including self-supervised learning, federated learning, and foundation models in medical imaging. The review includes key works from 2012–2025 to provide both foundational and contemporary context.
Copyright (c) 2025 Lalit Kumar Rawat, Anil Kumar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
High-Frequency Interactions Between Market Volatility and Price Movements: Intraday Asymmetry Between India Vix and Nifty 50 Through Technical Lenses
This paper examines the intraday relationship between the Nifty 50 index and the India Volatility Index (India VIX) over a five-day trading period from 13th to 17th October 2025, using 15-minute OHLC data. Employing an integrated framework that combines technical candlestick analysis and statistical modelling, the study explores short-horizon volatility dynamics, sentiment behaviour, and market efficiency within the Indian equity market. The candlestick analysis reveals recurring reversal and continuation patterns—such as hammers, marubozu, and engulfing formations—closely associated with shifts in implied volatility. Regression and VAR results confirm a significant negative contemporaneous relationship between Nifty returns and VIX changes, with volatility responding almost instantaneously to price shocks. Evidence of asymmetric volatility behaviour demonstrates that India VIX reacts more sharply to market declines than to rallies, reflecting investor loss aversion. The findings validate the predictive value of traditional technical patterns in high-frequency contexts and underscore the role of India VIX as an effective intraday sentiment indicator. This research contributes to the literature on market microstructure and behavioural finance by linking visual market signals with econometric evidence in an emerging market setting.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Tuhin Mukherjee, Subhrajyoti Mandal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Accurate PM2.5 Prediction Using Machine Learning Ensembles for Sustainable Smart Cities
Particularly in India, where cities like Delhi suffer from serious air quality problems, air pollution is a major obstacle to urban sustainability and requires precise prediction models to help smart city projects. Using the Central Pollution Control Board's Air Quality Data in India (2015–2020) dataset, this study, Air Quality Prediction for Sustainable Smart Cities using Machine Learning, creates a reliable framework for predicting PM2.5 concentrations across 26 Indian cities. The dataset was optimised for modelling by careful preparation, which included one-hot encoding of city variables, IQR-based outlier treatment, SimpleImputer for missing values, and exploratory data analysis to find trends. Support Vector Regressor, Gradient Boosting Regressor, Random Forest Regressor, and Extra Trees Regressor were the four machine learning models that were trained. A hybrid ensemble that combined Random Forest and Extra Trees through a voting mechanism performed better (R2 = 0.9818, RMSE = 11.8222 µg/m³). The model showed resilience in a variety of metropolitan settings, outperforming baseline models by 0.3 to 11.88% in R2 values for Hyderabad, Bengaluru, Kolkata, and Delhi. With the potential for worldwide use, this system facilitates real-time air quality management by providing precise AQI derivation and visualisation dashboards, improving environmental sustainability, urban planning, and public health in smart cities.
Copyright (c) 2025 Aesha Bhardwaj, Sanjay Silakar, Rajeev Pandey, Jashwant Samar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Exploring the role of Innovative Work Orientation in Healthcare Landscape through a narrative lens: A Glimpse
Background: Institutions around the globe are struggling with the inconsistent and unpredictable complexities of a microenvironment. It is essential to plan for uncertainty, adopt creative strategies to reduce risks. In recent years, healthcare system has become increasingly complex, necessitating creative approaches to enhance patient well-being and service provision. Healthcare organizations need to adopt innovative work practices to meet ongoing requirements of their clients. Innovative orientation is a key strategy to ensure excellence and maintaining the competitiveness for today's businesses. Therefore, employees play an important role to exhibit innovative orientation in the context of healthcare companies. Healthcare professionals engaged currently in health sector have often narrated issues related to lack of integration of objectives of various stakeholders including patients, healthcare providers, insurance companies, government and policymakers, pharmaceutical companies and research institutions as a challenge for effective delivery of healthcare services. Objective: The purpose of the current study is to provide a brief overview of all the prior studies on innovative work orientation especially in context of healthcare organization. Methods: The authors meticulously analyse the phenomenon by conducting a thorough review on innovative orientation among professionals derived from existing literature of journal articles, both published and unpublished reports, periodicals, books, theses, and pertinent publications gathered from varied worldwide information sources. Results: The findings of the research indicate that the fields of health care science services are somewhat unexplored and less studied especially in the domain of innovative behaviour. The research indicates a stronger association "innovative behaviour" and "innovation." Keywords: Innovation, Innovative work orientation, creativity, Support for creativity, healthcare, healthcare professionals
Copyright (c) 2025 Anjana gupta, Anshu Yadav https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Understanding of Water Purification Methods through Chemistry among Urban Households
The chemistry-based water purification procedures commonly understood by urban households are the focus of this research. From 285 participants, we were able to compile demographic data and impressions assessed using a five-point Likert scale via a standardised questionnaire. Proper maintenance and operation of purification equipment, level of awareness of the chemistry involved, selecting a home purification technique, and chemical understanding of procedures were the four primary aspects evaluated in the study. Education considerably affects awareness, although results show that individuals have a reasonable level of chemical knowledge. The choice of purification processes was shown to be strongly correlated with chemical understanding, and the right maintenance practices were discovered to be impacted by chemical knowledge. The findings stress the need for more education and publicity to enhance water management in the home. The need of chemistry literacy in urban water safety procedures is further illuminated by this research.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jaidev Kumar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Phytochemical and wound healing potential of ethanolic extract of Nymphaea alba
The present study evaluates the effectiveness of the ethanolic extract of Nymphaea alba in wound healing and administers phytochemicals using "an excision and incision wound model on Wistar strain albino rats". Plant extracts have a higher phytoconstituent concentration, according to “phytochemical screening”. "Phenolic compounds, alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonides, glycosides, and tannin" were all detected in the ethanolic extract of Nymphaea alba. "The tensile strength of the healed wounds" was assessed using the incision wound model, and the influence of wound healing was assessed using the excision wound model, which took into consideration the epithelialisation time and the percentage of wound closure. Wistar albino rats' dorsal surfaces were subjected to excision and incision wounds. Four groups of six rats each were randomly selected from among them. Group I served as the control group, receiving no treatment other than a basic ointment. Group II was used with framycetin sulphate cream (Soframycin, Aventis) and was regarded as the standard group. Group III was given EENA 2% (w/w), while Group IV was given EENA 5% (w/w). These were considered test groups. Compared to the usual control group, Nymphaea alba significantly rises the percentage of wound contraction, reduces its duration of epithelialisation, and increases the tensile strength of the skin in all forms. In view of the positive results, it may be feasible to conduct additional research to evaluate the efficacy of various wound models.
Copyright (c) 2025 Satkar Prasad, Shyam Bahadur, Sailesh Ghatuary https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Traditional Herbal Medicine in the Management of Chronic Diseases
Traditional herbal medicines have been utilised for thousands of years to treat chronic ailments, but there are little scientific research on their knowledge, belief, and application. Participating participants' knowledge, belief in the efficacy, perceived safety, and use of herbal medicines for chronic illness management are the focus of this research. A total of 227 participants were asked to fill out a structured questionnaire that included questions about their demographics and statements that could be rated using a five-point Likert scale. Descriptive statistics showed a broad belief in the therapeutic effects of popular medicinal herbs and a reasonable level of knowledge with them. The frequency of herbal medicine use is significantly impacted by more knowledge and a larger belief in its efficacy, according to ANOVA and correlation studies. Perceived safety, on the other hand, greatly predicts the desire to continue using the medicine. The research results show that herbal medicines may be a useful supplementary intervention and call attention to the necessity of educational campaigns to promote informed use. The research sheds light on how to safely combine current methods of managing chronic diseases with traditional therapies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Madhu Dubey Swarnkar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Impact of GST on Household Expenditure in Madhya Pradesh
This study examines the multifaceted impact of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) on household expenditure in Madhya Pradesh through a primary, survey-based approach. Utilizing a structured questionnaire administered to a diverse sample of households across various income levels and geographical regions, this paper analyzes changes in consumer spending patterns before and after the implementation of GST. The findings reveal a significant, positive effect on household budgets due to the recent rationalization of GST rates, particularly on essential goods, personal care products, and consumer durables. While the reforms have made a wide range of products more affordable, the analysis also highlights the subtly regressive nature of the GST, where the tax burden on lower-income groups remains disproportionately high relative to their consumption. The study concludes that while GST has successfully streamlined the tax structure and stimulated domestic consumption, there is a continued need for targeted policy interventions to further enhance the system's progressivity and ensure a more equitable distribution of the tax burden across all segments of the population. The introduction of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India has significantly impacted household expenditure, primarily by altering the prices of a wide range of goods and services. A survey-based paper on this topic would investigate how the GST regime, particularly recent rationalization efforts, has affected consumer spending, focusing on different income groups and product categories.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sangita Deota, Saurabh Kumar Sahu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Software Bug Prediction Using Machine Learning Algorithms: An Empirical Study on Code Quality and Reliability
This study examines the effectiveness of a hybrid Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model for predicting software bugs, with the objective of improving code quality and dependability. The research leverages the JM1 dataset from the PROMISE Software Engineering Repository and utilizes sophisticated preprocessing approaches, including Borderline-SMOTE, SMOTETomek, RobustScaler, Yeo-Johnson transformation, and Recursive Feature Elimination, to mitigate class imbalance and feature redundancy. The CNN-LSTM model attained a validation accuracy of 98.10%, a precision of 91.42%, and a recall of 99.53%, exhibiting a minimal false negative rate and indicating great sensitivity in detecting defect-prone modules. The results underscore the model's capacity to identify spatial and sequential patterns in software metrics, providing a reliable instrument for early fault identification. This work enhances software engineering by confirming deep learning's efficacy in defect prediction, offering practical insights for developers, and delineating future research avenues for cross-project generalization and model optimization.
Copyright (c) 2025 Elavarasi Kesavan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Application of Artificial Intelligence in Human Resource Management: Evidence from Mid-to-Large Indian Enterprises
This survey-based study examines the adoption, use cases, benefits, and risks of artificial intelligence (AI) across human resource management (HRM) functions in India. Using responses from 412 HR leaders spanning mixed industries and mid-to-large enterprises, we find strong momentum in AI-augmented recruitment, HR analytics, and learning & development, alongside measured caution regarding data privacy, bias, and explainability. We provide descriptive statistics, two figures on adoption and perceived risks, and practical recommendations for Indian HR leaders to achieve responsible and value-accretive AI at scale.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sangita Deota, Rajesh Sahu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
व्यावसायिक शिक्षा और कौशल विकास के लिए शिक्षक शिक्षा कार्यक्रमों की प्रभावशीलता पर एक तुलनात्मक अध्ययन
यह शोध पत्र भोपाल व्यावसायिक शिक्षा और कौशल विकास कार्यक्रमों की प्रभावशीलता निर्धारित करने में शिक्षक शिक्षा रणनीतिक रूप से महत्वपूर्ण है। वर्तमान अध्ययन का उद्देश्य भोपाल में बी.एड. विद्यार्थियों के बीच व्यावसायिक शिक्षा और कौशल विकास के लिए विकसित विभिन्न शिक्षक शिक्षा कार्यक्रमों की प्रभावशीलता की तुलना करना है। अध्ययन में भोपाल के 200 पुरुष और महिला बी.एड. विद्यार्थियों के नमूने ने भाग लिया। अध्ययन शैक्षणिक ज्ञान, व्यावहारिक कौशल और व्यावसायिक शिक्षण के लिए सामान्य तत्परता पर इन कार्यक्रमों के प्रभाव की सीमा का मूल्यांकन करता है। मात्रात्मक सर्वेक्षण को शामिल करते हुए सर्वेक्षण-पद्धति दृष्टिकोण को अपनाते हुए, अध्ययन ने पाठ्यक्रम डिजाइन, शिक्षण पद्धतियों और व्यावहारिक प्रशिक्षण पर प्रशिक्षु धारणाओं की जांच की। विभिन्न शिक्षक शिक्षा कार्यक्रमों की प्रभावशीलता की तुलना करने के लिए सांख्यिकीय उपकरणों का उपयोग करके डेटा का विश्लेषण किया गया। परिणाम बताते हैं कि भोपाल में बी.एड. छात्रों के बीच व्यावसायिक और कौशल विकास पर शिक्षक शिक्षा कार्यक्रमों की प्रभावशीलता की जांच की, जो पुरुष और महिला दोनों छात्रों द्वारा सामना की जाने वाली जागरूकता और चुनौतियों के संबंध में है। विश्लेषण ने जागरूकता के स्तर और कथित चुनौतियों के बीच कोई सांख्यिकीय रूप से महत्वपूर्ण अंतर नहीं दिखाया, जिसका अर्थ है कि वर्तमान शिक्षक शिक्षा कार्यक्रम छात्रों के लिए व्यावसायिक पहलुओं पर पर्याप्त रूप से विचार नहीं कर सकते हैं। इस प्रकार, भावी शिक्षकों को अपने छात्रों में व्यावसायिक कौशल और जागरूकता प्रदान करने के लिए प्रशिक्षित करने के लिए पाठ्यक्रम, व्यावहारिक प्रशिक्षण और सहायता प्रणालियों में सुधार की आवश्यकता अनिवार्य हो जाती है। लक्षित सुधारों के साथ, शैक्षणिक संस्थान इस प्रकार बी.एड. उत्तीर्ण छात्रों को संपन्न नौकरी बाजार के लिए तैयार करने में सक्षम होंगे, जिससे समग्र रूप से व्यावसायिक शिक्षा के सुधार में सहायता मिलेगी। वर्तमान अध्ययन के निष्कर्ष नीति निर्माताओं, शिक्षकों और व्यावसायिक शिक्षक शिक्षा की गुणवत्ता और प्रासंगिकता में सुधार करने में रुचि रखने वाले संस्थानों के लिए मूल्यवान हैं।
Copyright (c) 2025 नीलम सिंह https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Thermal Comfort Analysis in Dormitory Room by Combined MVHR-Fan Coil
Low-energy-demand buildings are increasingly using "mechanical ventilation with heat recovery (MVHR)" applications to improve thermal comfort and reduce ventilation energy loss. MVHRs are often used in conjunction with an additional air heater to satisfy the need for room heating in retrofitted buildings. Therefore, it is crucial to assess how MVHR and heat emitters interact and how this affects the features of indoor airflow. In this study, the effects of a combination MVHR-fan-coil unit in the heating phase on thermal comfort parameters in a retrofitted room are investigated via "a computational fluid dynamic (CFD)" simulation. Numerical simulation results allow for the assessment of indoor thermal comfort as well as the resolution of the fan coil and MVHR interactions. Additionally, investigate the turbulent airflow characteristics in winter and summer season. The result indicate that relocate the fan coil position from left side to middle of the external wall increases the room temperature. Installing the inlet vent in ceiling shows a no changes in the room temperature. It observed that Case 2 exhibited the highest temperature inside the room at 23.3 ºC, while Case 1 and Case 3 both had a room temperature of 22.6 ºC and 22.5 ºC respectively. The average temperature across all six planes followed a similar pattern, Case 2 consistently showing higher temperatures.
Mechanical Ventilation with Heat Recovery
Copyright (c) 2025 Ashish Chourey, Piyush Kr. Verma, Pankaj Shrivastava https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
विद्यार्थियों की शैक्षणिक उपलब्धि पर सामाजिक - संवेगात्मक अधिगम (एसईएल ) के प्रभाव का तुलनात्मक अध्ययन
इस शोध पत्र का उद्देश्य विद्यार्थियों की शैक्षणिक उपलब्धि पर सामाजिक-संवेगात्मक अधिगम (एसईएल) के प्रभावों का विश्लेषण करना है। डेटा संग्रह के उद्देश्य से, 200 विद्यार्थियों को उनकी सामाजिक-संवेगात्मक अधिगम की क्षमताओं को मापने के लिए एक स्व-निर्मित प्रश्नावली द्वारा नमूना लिया गया था। शैक्षणिक उपलब्धि का मूल्यांकन करने के लिए, विद्यार्थियों का आकलन करने के लिए 10वीं कक्षा की परीक्षा और कुल अंकों का उपयोग किया गया। परिणाम इस अध्ययन में, सामाजिक-भावनात्मक शिक्षा (एसईएल) और विद्यार्थियों की शैक्षणिक उपलब्धि के बीच जटिल संबंध को रेखांकित किया गया है। अधिक विशेष रूप से, उच्च एसईएल दक्षताओं ने अंग्रेजी के क्षेत्र में छात्र के प्रदर्शन पर थोड़ा सकारात्मक प्रभाव डाला; अन्यथा अन्य विषयों में कोई महत्वपूर्ण अंतर नहीं पाया गया। ये परिणाम संकेत देते हैं कि एसईएल अच्छे परिणामों को बढ़ावा देता है, लेकिन यह शैक्षणिक सफलता को प्रभावित करने वाले कई कारकों में से एक है। एसईएल और किसी भी शैक्षिक परिणाम के बीच संबंध को स्पष्ट करने के लिए भविष्य में जांच की आवश्यकता है जो यह निर्धारित करने के लिए रुचिकर हो सकता है कि छात्र उपलब्धि को बढ़ावा देने में उनके साथ प्रभावी ढंग से कैसे काम किया जा सकता है। इस शोध का परिणाम भावनात्मक और शैक्षणिक विकास पर दोहरे ध्यान को आगे बढ़ाने के उद्देश्य से प्रभावी शैक्षिक प्रथाओं को बढ़ावा देने में शिक्षकों, नीति निर्माताओं और हितधारकों की बहुत मदद करता है।
Copyright (c) 2025 संजू शर्मा https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Student Perceptions of E-Learning Tools in Chemistry Education
This research examines student perceptions of e-learning tools in chemistry education, concentrating on their usage, effectiveness, features, engagement, and overall impact. Two hundred students from various programs and levels of study were given a standardised questionnaire with five Likert scale items. The data was examined by using methods of correlation, regression, and descriptive statistics. According to the findings, using e-learning tools may greatly improve your ability to solve problems, study for exams, and do well in school generally. Findings indicate that multimedia and interactive aspects significantly contribute to higher levels of student engagement and motivation. While many students have faith in digital resources, others have doubts about their capacity to totally replace more conventional approaches, especially when it comes to grasping more advanced ideas. Another finding from the research is that people's perceptions are greatly impacted by demographic criteria such gender, age, academic level, institution type, and internet availability. These results emphasise the rising importance of online learning tools in chemistry education as useful adjuncts.
Lithium-Ion Battery Components and Its Recycling Methods – A Review
The increasing prevalence of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles, consumer electronics, and renewable energy systems has led to a pressing demand for efficient recycling methods. This review delves into the essential elements of lithium-ion batteries and examines the primary recycling techniques: pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, and direct recycling. Every approach presents unique advantages and obstacles regarding expenses, energy consumption, efficiency of recovery, and ecological effects. Pyrometallurgy is frequently employed, yet it requires elevated temperatures and generates emissions. Hydrometallurgy provides enhanced material recovery, yet it involves a greater use of chemicals and intricate processes. Direct recycling, currently being explored, demonstrates promise in maintaining material value. Even with advancements in technology, obstacles like inconsistent regulations, inadequate collection systems, and limited public awareness continue to persist. Tackling these challenges is essential for establishing a sustainable and circular battery economy. This paper seeks to provide a comprehensive overview to aid in future research and policy formulation regarding battery waste management.
Copyright (c) 2025 Santosh Kumar Nathsharma https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0