International Journal of Innovations in Science, Engineering And Management
IJISEM International Journal of Innovations in Science, Engineering And Management A Peer-reviewed Scholarly Indexed Quarterly Journal International Journal of Innovations in Science, Engineering, and Management (IJISEM) is an open-access publication overseen by IJISEM Journals. It is dedicated to fostering the interests of emerging and promising writers. IJISEM endeavors to transcend geographical boundaries by welcoming contributions from professionals and academics worldwide, not limited to India. We thus adopted the term International as our motto and used it in the title of our journal. We are dedicated to fostering innovation and excellence across scientific, engineering, and management disciplines through our commitment to sharing knowledge. The publication focuses on research and intellectual viewpoints in order to achieve this goal. Realistic analysis, interdisciplinary/applied/methodological, empirical evidence production and utilization, critical viewpoint development and policy building work are all welcome in achieving this goal. IJISEM aims to provide a platform for doctoral researchers to showcase their investigations and disseminate their research findings and knowledge to a wider audience. IJISEM International Journal of Innovations in Science, Engineering and Management Title IJISEM International Journal of Innovations in Science, Engineering And Management Frequency Quarterly (July, October, January and April) ISSN 2583 – 7117 Publication Format Online Chief Editor Dr. Rajesh Gupta Publisher Yogesh Sharma, M.Tech (Industrial Design) Subject Multidisciplinary Published by IJISEM Journals Starting Year 2022 E-Mail editor@ijisem.com Mobile No (+91) 70893666889 Mobile No (+91) 9981622288 Publishing Body AG Publishing House Language Multiple Languages Copyright AG Publishing House Website http://www.ijisem.com/ Address IJISEM Journals 57-First Floor, Susheela Bhawan, Priyadarshini Phase-3, near Meenakshi Planet City, Bagmugaliya, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462043
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A Management Study of Employee Retention Practices in Baloda Bazar-Bhatapara, Chhattisgarh with special Reference to Shree Cement
Organizational stability is critical for bolstering India's road to self-sufficient growth, particularly in the growing manufacturing sector. Employee retention is critical in this process since keeping skilled and experienced staff improves workforce continuity, productivity, and long-term competitiveness while reducing operational disruptions. This study looks at staff retention techniques at Shree Cement in Baloda Bazar-Bhatpara, Chhattisgarh, and evaluates their impact on organizational stability. A descriptive research design was used, with primary data from 150 employees obtained via structured questionnaires, supplemented by secondary information from journals, corporate reports, and published literature. The findings indicate that salary, opportunities for growth, training, and a supportive work environment all have a major impact on employee retention and organizational stability. A strong positive association was found between successful retention tactics and organizational performance, demonstrating that employee-centric HR policies reduce turnover and increase stability. The study indicates that strategic employee retention promotes both long-term organizational success and India's overall goal of self-reliance by increasing human capital and industrial resilience, while also providing practical recommendations for improving retention methods.
Copyright (c) 2026 Simran Chawla, Sharad Kumar Dewangan, Ashok Verma, Rohan Agrawal, Dr. Bhavar Singh Porte https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Factors Influencing the Use of Selected Medicinal Plants Endorsed by Government Programs
This study examines the factors influencing the use of selected medicinal plants endorsed by government programs. Using a survey methodology, data were collected from 260 respondents through a structured questionnaire comprising demographic information and statements measured on a five-point Likert scale. The study investigates awareness levels, government initiatives, adoption behavior, and perceived effectiveness of medicinal plants. Descriptive statistics revealed moderate to strong awareness and positive perceptions regarding government-promoted plants, while ANOVA and correlation analyses demonstrated significant relationships between awareness, government initiatives, perceived effectiveness, and actual usage. Awareness levels and perceived effectiveness significantly impacted the adoption of medicinal plants, and government initiatives showed a very strong positive association with utilization patterns. The findings highlight the importance of awareness campaigns, accessibility, and effective policy measures in promoting the use of medicinal plants for preventive and general healthcare. The study provides insights for policymakers and health authorities to enhance public engagement with government-endorsed medicinal plants.
Copyright (c) 2026 Madhu Dubey Swarnkar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Over the past decade, the growth of eSports in India has been remarkable, driven by the expansion of competitive gaming cultures, the penetration of the internet, and technological advancements. This paper explores the factors contributing to the rapid expansion of the eSports ecosystem in India, including the proliferation of affordable smartphones, the impact of government initiatives, and the role of private investments. It examines the key stakeholders such as players, game developers, sponsors, and tournament organizers, and how their collaboration has fostered a vibrant gaming community. The study also examines how eSports has created new avenues for employment, ranging from professional gamers to content creators, tournament organizers, and gaming analysts. It sheds light on how this growth has engaged India’s youth, provided them with alternative career paths, and fostered a competitive environment. Moreover, the research explores the role of eSports in enhancing India’s digital economy and its potential to contribute to global eSports revenues.
Copyright (c) 2026 Satish Manwani, Abhishek Jain, Pankaj Sharma, Sahil Patel, Shivam Agrawal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Psychological Ownership And Its Influence On Employee Commitment
This study explores the concept of psychological ownership and its influence on employee commitment and engagement in organizations. Psychological ownership refers to the sense of possession and personal attachment that employees feel toward their work and organization. A survey-based research method was used, collecting data from 350 employees through a structured questionnaire. The analysis included descriptive statistics, correlation, and ANOVA to examine relationships and impacts. Findings revealed that employees generally exhibit a moderate to high level of psychological ownership, which is significantly related to both employee commitment and engagement. Psychological ownership was found to have a strong positive effect on engagement, and engaged employees demonstrated higher levels of commitment. These results indicate that fostering psychological ownership can enhance employee involvement, motivation, and loyalty, contributing to organizational effectiveness. The study emphasizes the importance of strategies that encourage ownership and emotional connection among employees for sustained organizational success.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sunil Jagannath Ghadge https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Role of Yoga in the Treatment of Mental Illness: A Philosophical Evaluation
The paper “Role of Yoga in the Treatment of Mental Illness: A Philosophical Evaluation” explores yoga as a multidimensional therapeutic system addressing the cognitive, affective, physiological, and existential dimensions of mental illness. Moving beyond its popular physical connotations, yoga is examined here as an integrated discipline grounded in Indian philosophical traditions - especially the Yoga Sūtras of Patañjali - which conceive mental suffering (duḥkha) as rooted in cognitive distortion (avidyā) and emotional affliction (kleśa). Through philosophical and clinical lenses, the study evaluates how yogic practices such as āsana (posture), prāṇāyāma (breath regulation), dhyāna (meditation), and ethical self-discipline (yama-niyama) can contribute to the alleviation of disorders like depression, anxiety, trauma, and psychosomatic distress. Philosophically, yoga offers an ontological and epistemological framework in which the mind-body relationship is non-dualistic and dynamic, emphasizing the transformative potential of awareness and disciplined embodiment. This paper critically examines the mechanisms proposed for yoga’s therapeutic efficacy - attention regulation, autonomic balance, behavioural reconditioning, and meaning reconstruction - while situating them within broader discussions in philosophy of mind and psychiatry. The ethical implications of integrating yoga into clinical care are also analysed, including concerns of cultural appropriation, informed consent, and the normative aims of healing versus liberation (mokṣa). By synthesizing traditional insights and contemporary psychological models, the study argues that yoga represents not merely an alternative technique but a comprehensive philosophy of healing, harmonizing the empirical and the spiritual. Its ultimate value in mental health care lies in restoring balance, clarity, and self-awareness - foundations for both psychological well-being and moral self-realization.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sanjay Kumar Tiwari, Shashwat Tiwari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Circular Economy and Urban Self-Reliance: Case Study of Urban Settlements in Western Maharashtra
Urbanization in India is accelerating rapidly, often leading to unplanned development, strained infrastructure, and diminished livability in urban areas. This research investigates the concept of self-reliant cities as a sustainable solution to these challenges, focusing on the city of Baramati in Western Maharashtra. Through an in-depth analysis of affordable housing, inclusive community development, and local governance, the study examines how cities can transition toward self-reliance using integrated urban planning. The findings reveal significant growth in built-up areas, accompanied by a decline in tree and agricultural cover, underscoring the urgency of sustainable planning. Case studies such as Magarpatta City in Pune illustrate successful models of community-driven development, renewable energy integration, and decentralized services. The study concludes with actionable recommendations for local governments, planners, and communities to adopt resilient, inclusive, and resource-efficient strategies aligned with India’s Atmanirbhar Bharat vision and UN Sustainable Development Goals.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jadhav Rajshree, Kumthekar Madhav, Narkhede Parag, Anil Achut Kunte https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Quality by Design (QbD) Assisted Formulation and Development of Microsphere Containing Beta-Sitosterol by Design of Expert (DoE) Approach
The present study focuses on the Quality by Design (QbD)–assisted formulation and optimization of beta-sitosterol-loaded microspheres using a Design of Experiments (DoE) approach. Beta-sitosterol, a bioactive phytosterol with proven therapeutic potential, suffers from poor aqueous solubility and limited bioavailability. To overcome these limitations, microspheres were developed using the emulsion solvent evaporation technique with Eudragit RS100 as the polymer. A Box-Behnken design was employed to systematically evaluate the effect of critical formulation variables, namely polymer concentration, surfactant concentration, and stirring time, on particle size and entrapment efficiency. The optimized microsphere formulation exhibited nanosized particles with high drug entrapment efficiency and controlled drug release behavior. Preformulation, physicochemical characterization, in vitro release, antimicrobial activity, and stability studies confirmed the suitability and stability of the developed system. Overall, the QbD–DoE approach proved effective in developing a robust and reproducible beta-sitosterol microsphere formulation with improved delivery characteristics and potential therapeutic applicability.
Copyright (c) 2026 Amritansh Sinha, Ravi Prakash, B.K. Arjariy, Praveen Bhawsar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
From Crisis to Capability: A Review of Sri Lanka's Startup Ecosystem
Developing economies' startup ecosystems face significant challenges during economic crises, yet their adaptive mechanisms remain underexplored. This narrative review examines Sri Lanka's startup eco- system evolution during the 2019-2023 economic crisis—characterized by sovereign debt default, currency collapse, hyperinflation peaking at approximately 70% in September 2022 and severe resource shortages. Synthesizing 52 sources (31 peer-reviewed articles, 14 policy reports, 7 industry analyses) published between 2020-2025, we identify three primary adaptation mechanisms: digital transformation enabling global market access and foreign exchange generation; necessity-based entrepreneurship driving resource-constrained innovation; and institutional support networks (incubators, accelerators, diaspora connections) compensating for policy fragmentation. Fintech, aggrotech, health tech, and export-oriented digital services demonstrated notable resilience. However, long-term sustainability faces constraints including geographic concentration in Colombo, limited early-stage capital, policy fragmentation, and inadequate rural infrastructure. This review contributes to entrepreneurship literature by demonstrating how crisis conditions can catalyze strategic reorientation rather than merely destroying entrepreneurial capacity. For policymakers, priority areas include developing cohesive national startup policies, improving risk capital access, streamlining regulations, and decentralizing support infrastructure. Future research should examine long-term sustainability of crisis-induced adaptations, comparative analyses across similar economies, and sector-specific resilience patterns.
Copyright (c) 2026 Abeysinghe AMDDK, Swapan Kumar Majumdar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Digital Payment Systems Research: A Review of Empirical Studies
When provided effectively and responsively in a structured setting, digital financial services like mobile money, digital payments, and more recent digital payment systems or financial technology will allow a nation to thrive and meet its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) more quickly. This review paper focuses on empirical studies of the evolution, adoption and impact of digital payment systems, with a particular focus on India. It delves into the factors of technological innovations, government policies, financial technology (fintech) innovations, and the impact of the coronavirus on accelerating the adoption of digital payments. The research also examines consumer perceptions and adoption determinants, as well as major challenges including security, infrastructure and financial literacy. Emerging trends such as UPI, digital wallets, cryptocurrencies, CBDCs and buy now pay later models are addressed. The review emphasises the increasing importance of digital payments for financial inclusion, economic efficiency and sustainable digital transformation
Digital Marketing ROI Financial Evaluation of Online Campaigns
Digital marketing has become a dominant promotional strategy in the modern business environment due to rapid technological advancement and widespread internet usage. Despite increased adoption, many organizations remain uncertain about the financial returns generated from digital marketing investments. This review paper examines the concept of Digital Marketing Return on Investment (ROI) and evaluates the financial effectiveness of online campaigns across major digital channels. It discusses key financial metrics such as ROI, ROAS, CAC, CPL, and CLV, while highlighting challenges related to attribution, data integration, and intangible benefits. The study also reviews emerging trends and analytical approaches for improving ROI measurement and strategic decision-making.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mahesh Dutta Mishra, Amar Singh Rathore, Dr. Abhishek Jain, Dr. Satish Manwani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analyzing Customer Churn in Telecommunications: Insights from Data Patterns and Trends
Customer churn has become a major issue for the telecom industry as the cost of getting new customers is much higher than that of keeping the existing ones. The patterns of churn are not straightforward and are affected by demographic, behavioral, and regional factors, which in turn interact in subtle ways. A thorough and descriptive analysis is carried out in this research using a real-world telecom dataset to identify the impact that a person’s age, gender, state or region, tenure, calls made, SMS usage and data consumption have on a person's decision to churn. The dataset goes through cleaning, processing and enrichment with engineered features in the form of tenure and age groups which allows for a deeper analytical insight. This study that focuses on three core research questions uncovers the following very clear churn patterns: young and mid-age groups have a higher propensity to churn, low-usage customers quit faster, and some states have consistently high churn rates due to regional competition. The results emphasize the significance of having the basic descriptive analytics before moving on to predictive modeling and also point out the demographic, behavioral, geographic dimensions which are vital for telecom retention strategies.
Copyright (c) 2025 AG Volumes https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Biodegradable Polymers, Synthesis Properties and Applications
People's perceptions about biodegradable materials have steadily changed as science and technology have advanced. Biodegradable materials often have a high percentage of polymers, many of which may be synthesised chemically. The manufacturing method is straightforward, and certain basic ingredients are inexpensive to get. The synthesis properties, applications, and perspectives of biodegradable polymers are the subject of this article, which reviews the related literature. This review highlights that biodegradable polymers such as PLA, PHA, PCL, PBS, and PBAT derived from renewable resources offer sustainable alternatives to petroleum-based plastics. Advances in synthesis techniques, including enzyme-catalyzed polycondensation, ring-opening polymerization, and copolymerization, have enhanced their thermal, mechanical, and degradation properties. Applications extend from packaging to biomedical fields, particularly in drug delivery and tissue engineering, where 3D bioprinting has shown great promise. Despite challenges in cost, scalability, and controlled degradation, biodegradable polymers demonstrate significant potential for reducing plastic pollution. Future research should focus on optimizing performance, standardizing processes, and developing multifunctional composites for broader industrial and medical applications.
Machine Learning Driven Groundwater Quality Classification with Model Inter­pretability Using SHAP
The experimental evaluation of the suggested CatBoost-based groundwater quality classification system has proven discriminative power and positive generalization capacity. The model gets a score of 0.9730 accuracy, which implies that most samples of groundwater are classified correctly in either producing or not producing categories. This high accuracy is due to the model's very good ability to learn all the complicated nonlinear relationships among hydrochemical parameters and also to its performing well across the training and testing datasets. The F1-score of 0.9375 that was obtained additionally indicates a very good trade-off between precision and recall, which is a very crucial factor in groundwater quality assessment where the imbalance between classes is common and misclassification can come with serious environmental and agricultural risks. The analysis of the confusion matrix has reinforced these results by indicating that false negatives were very infrequently happening, thus making it less possible that unsatisfactory groundwater will be wrongly classified as good. This kind of dependability is very important for protecting the irrigation methods and for securing the health of the population. What is more, not only is the predictive performance powerful, but also the interpretability analysis via SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) discloses that salinity-related parameters, sodium hazard indicators, groundwater level conditions, and dissolved constituents are the main drivers in deciding the groundwater suitability. The correlation of these significant features with established hydrogeochemical knowledge backs up the scientific reliability of the model. To sum up, the attained accuracy and F1-score along with the transparent interpretability confirm that the proposed system is very effective and also suitable for practical application in real-world groundwater quality management
Skill Based Hiring Transformation Impact On Talent Acquisition And Internal Mobility
The role of recruitment transformation based on skills in internal mobility and acquisition of talents is addressed in an Indian organization in this study. The approach used in data collection was the mixed methods approach, in which 105 respondents were selected from different sectors like IT/ITeS, manufacturing, services, and education. According to the qualitative interviews where the contextual information was obtained, the quantitative analysis involved regressions, correlation, descriptive statistics, and the hypothesis test. The reliability analysis was applied to test the measurement scales to ensure that the measurement scales had strong internal consistency. The findings showed that the level of awareness and use of skill-based frameworks had better outcomes when compared to recruitment ones, i.e., diversity, retention, and quality of hiring. Essentially, the workers who had competency-based structures claimed to be more willing to advance their careers and be upskilled to improve the internal mobility. Organizational support was proven to have strategic value through the regression process, which indicated that the organizational support mediated the relationship between skill-based recruiting and the results of the employees. Skill-based recruiting, as the results of the research indicate, is a disruptive recruiting strategy that fuels both mobility and acquisition to place the companies in a scenario whereby they are able to generate flexible workforces that are capable of working in the future. Addressing the deficiencies in the local studies, the findings will be useful in the process of scholarly discussion, and there are certain recommendations that may be of use to the HR directors who are willing to introduce the skill-based frameworks as a component of recruiting and career advancement strategies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Abhijaat Sahu, Somnath Datta, Joymalya Bhattacharya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Design Formulation, Development and Optimization of Solid Lipid Nanoparticle Containing Fluconazole and Its Anti-Fungal Activity
though fluconazole is a commonly used triazole antifungal agent that works well against a variety of fungal infections, its low absorption and poor water solubility sometimes restrict its clinical performance. The present study aimed to design, develop, and optimize fluconazole-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) to enhance its antifungal efficacy. Using Tween 80 as the surfactant and stearic acid as the lipid, solid lipid nanoparticles were created by the solvent emulsification–evaporation method. Pre-formulation studies confirmed the purity, stability, and compatibility of fluconazole with selected excipients. The prepared SLN formulations were assessed for their "physical appearance, particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, drug entrapment efficiency, surface morphology, in vitro drug release, antifungal activity, and stability". The optimised formulation (SLNs-4) had the maximum entrapment efficiency of 94.76%, "a high negative zeta potential of −30.2 mV," suggesting strong colloidal stability, and a mean particle size of 164.27 nm. In vitro drug release studies demonstrated a sustained release pattern, while antifungal evaluation against Candida albicans showed enhanced inhibitory activity compared to conventional fluconazole. The physical stability of the formulation under accelerated circumstances was validated by stability studies. Overall, fluconazole-loaded SLNs represent a promising nanocarrier system for improving antifungal therapy by enhancing drug stability, controlled release, and therapeutic effectiveness.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sikesh Kumar Shah, B.K. Arjariya, Praveen Bhawsar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Development And Charcterization of Oral Bioavailability Enhancing Formulation of Amaranthus Viridis Loaded Non-Ionic Surfactant Vesicle
The present study focuses on the development and characterization of an oral bioavailability-enhancing formulation of Amaranthus viridis using non-ionic surfactant vesicles (niosomes). Methanolic extraction of Amaranthus viridis leaves yielded a high concentration of bioactive phytoconstituents, including flavonoids, phenolics, alkaloids, and glycosides. The extract was successfully encapsulated into niosomes using the thin-film hydration method. The optimized formulation exhibited nanoscale particle size (~164 nm), high zeta potential (-38.6 mV), spherical morphology, and good physical stability. Quantitative analysis confirmed high phenolic and flavonoid content, contributing to antioxidant potential. The niosomal formulation showed enhanced antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus compared to the plain extract. Stability studies indicated no significant changes in physical properties over 90 days under accelerated conditions. Overall, the results suggest that niosomal delivery of Amaranthus viridis extract is a promising approach to improve oral bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of plant-based formulations.
Non-Ionic Surfactant Vesicles (Niosomes)
Copyright (c) 2026 Dipesh Gour, B.K.arjariya, Praveen Bhawsar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
A Comprehensive Review of Human Resource Development Practices and Their Impact on Employee Performance
Globalisation and technological advancements are impacting relationships and practices, the labour market is changing dramatically, and societies are becoming more diverse and global. Because of the rapid changes in the economy and the expansion of globalisation, employability is becoming a top concern for all organisations. The success of an organisation is largely dependent on the calibre of its human resources, and human resources development techniques can improve employee capabilities. This article addressed the concept, function, and importance of human resource development practices and their impact on employee performance. Evidence from various sectors—including universities, banking, and healthcare—consistently shows that HRD practices such as training, career development, counselling, teamwork, recruitment, compensation, and succession planning significantly improve job satisfaction, employee performance and overall performance. Effective human resources development programs also contribute to the development of workforce competencies that facilitate the smooth operation of the company.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kratika Baddpalli https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
A Statistical Analysis of Economic Growth Trends in India
This study investigates the relationship between economic growth, employment opportunities, income levels, and the overall standard of living in India using a survey-based methodology. Primary data were collected from 280 respondents representing diverse socio-economic backgrounds through a structured questionnaire. The study employed descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and ANOVA to examine the impact and association of economic growth with employment, income, and living standards. The findings reveal that economic growth significantly influences employment opportunities, with growth in industries, private sector expansion, and government initiatives contributing to job creation. A strong positive correlation was observed between economic growth and respondents’ income levels, indicating that economic expansion directly enhances financial well-being. Additionally, economic growth was found to have a significant impact on the overall standard of living, improving access to healthcare, education, and basic facilities. While perceptions vary across specific dimensions, the results collectively highlight the critical role of economic growth in shaping socio-economic development. The study highlights the importance of inclusive growth strategies that ensure the benefits of economic progress are broadly shared across the population.
Copyright (c) 2025 Arun Kumar Bharti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Advancing Hematological Diagnostics in Resource-Constrained Settings: A Robust Deep Learning Solution for Sickle Cell Anemia Screening
This study introduces a deep learning model for the identification of sickle cell anaemia (SCA) in red blood cell (RBC) images, with the objective of facilitating efficient diagnostics in resource-limited environments. The study used a DenseNet121-based convolutional neural network (CNN) with a custom classification head and a unique dataset of 691 images from Uganda's Teso region that were processed with Field and Leichman stains. The strong method included using RandomUnderSampler and SMOTE to fix class imbalance, as well as Albumentations to add more data to make the model more resistant to image variability, like differences in staining and blurry images. The model was trained with a 4-fold cross-validation method. In just nine epochs, it reached a peak training accuracy of 96.4% and a loss of 4.0153. This better efficiency and performance beat work that used an InceptionV3 model (91% accuracy, 28.7 loss, 100 epochs). The model's high accuracy and robustness suggest that it could be used in clinical settings in areas where SCA is common, which would be a big step forward for automated haematological diagnostics.
Copyright (c) 2025 Neelkamal Vishwakarma, Gunjan Kumar Mishra, Gaurav Chaubey https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
A Review on Phytochemical Constituents and Anti-Urolithic Activity of Medicinal Plants
Urolithiasis remains a significant global health burden, characterized by the recurrent formation of crystalline calculi within the urinary tract. Despite advancements in lithotripsy and surgical interventions, these methods often fail to prevent recurrence and are associated with substantial costs. This review synthesizes current knowledge on medicinal plants as sustainable alternatives for the management of kidney stones. It explores the diverse phytochemical profiles of ethnomedicinal species, emphasizing the roles of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. These bioactive compounds exert anti-urolithiatic effects through multi-targeted mechanisms, including the inhibition of calcium oxalate (CaOx) nucleation, crystal growth, and aggregation, alongside potent diuretic and antioxidant activities. By examining both in vitro dissolution assays and in vivo rodent models, this paper highlights the synergistic potential of herbal formulations in mitigating oxidative stress and renal tissue damage. The findings underscore the necessity for standardized clinical trials to transition traditional botanical knowledge into evidence-based phytotherapies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mahesh Gupta, Priyanka More, Satkar Prasad, Khushboo Chouhan, Shailesh Ghatuary https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
A study on the Impact of Social Media Analytics on Brand Loyalty in the Online Era
Particularly in competitive and dynamic market contexts, social media analytics (SMA) has emerged as a vital tool for boosting company and brand loyalty. The significance of social media analytics, how social media fosters brand loyalty, the function of social media analytics in brand development, and the effect of social media analytics on brand loyalty were all covered in this article. AI and ML-driven analytics are emphasized as the major factors that enabled businesses to switch their strategies from reactive to proactive. The data resulting from engagement metrics, sentiment analysis, and real-time feedback indicates that ongoing interaction, tailored communication, influencer marketing, and user-generated content are the major contributing factors to trust, customer satisfaction, and sustainable brand loyalty in the digital marketplace.
Copyright (c) 2025 S. Velayutham https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
A Review on Phytochemical Constitutions and Pharmacological activities of Acrostichum Aureum
The edible mangrove plant fern Acrostichum aureum is mostly found in tropical and subtropical climates worldwide. The purpose of this review was to give comprehensive information about Acrostichum aureum's traditional usage, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities. The ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of the plant were thoroughly searched in scientific literature utilising databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and ResearchGate. Alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, and amino acids are just a few of the phytochemicals found in Acrostichum aureum that support its wound-healing, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. Given its powerful therapeutic potential, more research and validation of bioactive compounds are necessary for upcoming clinical and drug-development uses.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ankit Kumar Roy, Priyanka More, Satkar Prasad, Khushboo Chouhan, Shailesh Ghatuary https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
A Comprehensive Review on Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Alstonia scholaris
In traditional therapeutic systems, Alstonia scholaris is commonly employed. It is used to cure "diarrhoea, malaria, asthma, fever, epilepsy, skin disorders, snake bites", and other conditions in India, Thailand, China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Africa, Australia, and other places because of its abundant natural active components. This review highlights the phytochemical richness and pharmacological potential of Alstonia scholaris (“Saptaparni”), covering its traditional uses, bioactive constituents, and therapeutic activities including analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anticancer effects. Despite promising in-vitro and in-vivo findings, limited clinical trials and mechanistic data remain major gaps. Further research is essential to validate safety, isolate active compounds, and advance its therapeutic applications.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nilesh Mohan Mishra, Khooshbu chouhan, Satkar Prasad, Shailesh Ghatuary, Priyanka More https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Digital Retail Dilemma: Causes and Effects of Online Shopping Stress among Gen Z
E-commerce has transformed the retail landscape, and Generation Z, a cohort born to the internet, have been heavily affected by online purchases that have resulted in the rapid growth of e-commerce. Whereas online shopping brings about convenience, availability, and personalization, online shopping introduces stressors that cut across the well-being of consumers. This research paper uses the systematic literature review to investigate the causes, consequences, and implications of online shopping stress among Gen Z shoppers. The main stressors are problems with information overload, security, and decision fatigue as well as the intricacies of returns and refunds. Anxieties regarding privacy following the tracking of data and targeted advertising contribute to the increased shopping stress level. Moreover, the dependence on recommendations and social media which are based on AI also adds to the increase of expectations and impulse buying, which usually result in an unhappy ending. The review also points more at the impact of online shopping stress, including decreased consumer trust, decreased levels of satisfaction and increased rates of cart abandonment. Aspects that are associated with stress deter brand loyalty, it is of great importance that e-commerce platforms should consider such issues. Some of the measures that can be implemented to reduce online shopping anxiety are reducing the complexity of the web site structure, ensuring that the security provisions are more transparent, improving the policies upon customer returns and installing AI-enhanced customer services. Besides, more positive consumer reaction can be encouraged through ethical consumer marketing practices and functions of stressful shopping. This study summarises the available literature, and as a result, it offers a holistic perspective on the digital retail dilemma and provides business managers with practical recommendations on improving consumer welfare. By managing the stress of online shopping, the customer satisfaction is enhanced at par with preventing the long-term involvement and sustainability in the competitive e-commerce environment.
Copyright (c) 2025 Deepak Bisht, Puskar Negi, Atul Sharma https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Impact of the Faceless Assessment System on Taxpayer Satisfaction and Trust in the Tax Administration Process with Reference to State of Madhya Pradesh
The introduction of Faceless Assessment by the Income Tax Department represents a major shift toward technology-driven, transparent, and efficient tax administration in India. This study examines the impact of the Faceless Assessment system on taxpayer satisfaction and trust in the tax administration process. Using primary data collected from individual taxpayers and professionals, along with secondary data from government reports and policy documents, the study evaluates key dimensions such as transparency, fairness, responsiveness, convenience, and procedural efficiency. The findings reveal that faceless assessment has significantly reduced physical interface, minimized chances of harassment, and improved perceived transparency. However, challenges remain regarding system usability, technical glitches, and communication gaps. Overall, the study concludes that while faceless assessment has positively contributed by enhancing trust and satisfaction among taxpayers, further reforms in digital infrastructure, grievance redressal mechanisms, and user-friendly interfaces are essential to optimize its effectiveness. This paper offers recommendations to strengthen policy implementation and improve taxpayer experience in the evolving digital tax administration ecosystem.
Copyright (c) 2025 Bipin Kumar Ahirwar, N.K. Shrivastava https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
महिलाओं को आत्मनिर्भर बनाने में सरकारी योजनाओं की भूमिका: एक समीक्षा
महिलाओं को आर्थिक और सामाजिक रूप से स्वतंत्र बनाना महिला सशक्तिकरण का मुख्य लक्ष्य है। लड़कियों को अच्छी शिक्षा देना महिला सशक्तिकरण का मुख्य लक्ष्य है। भारत सरकार इस लक्ष्य को पूरा करने के लिए कई प्रकार की योजनाएँ, कार्यक्रम और पहल चला रही है। इन योजनाओं का उद्देश्य महिलाओं को शिक्षा और प्रशिक्षण, रोजगार के अवसर, कौशल विकास, आर्थिक सहायता, कार्यस्थल पर सुरक्षा और अन्य ज़रूरी सुविधाएँ समान रूप से उपलब्ध कराना है। यह लेख भारत में महिला सशक्तिकरण के महत्व को उजागर करता है और बताता है कि सरकारी योजनाएँ किस तरह महिलाओं को आत्मनिर्भर बनने में मदद करती हैं। इसमें महिला सशक्तिकरण में आने वाली चुनौतियों, महिला उद्यमियों को बढ़ावा देने वाली प्रमुख सरकारी योजनाओं और महिलाओं की शिक्षा से जुड़े मुख्य पहलुओं पर चर्चा की गई है। रिपोर्ट के अनुसार, मुद्रा योजना, स्टैंड-अप इंडिया और WEP जैसी पहलें आर्थिक समावेशन, उद्यमिता, और सतत विकास को बढ़ावा देती हैं तथा महिलाओं की आर्थिक और सामाजिक स्थिति को बेहतर बनाती हैं।
Copyright (c) 2025 माधुरी शर्मा , उषा वैद्य https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
A Review on Urbanization and Rural Development in India
Rural India is undergoing a significant societal shift. Abrupt drops in agricultural employment, local economic restructuring, shifting livelihoods, and the rise of new types of permanent cyclical labour mobility are characteristics of modern urbanisation processes. Urbanisation is a tendency that may be seen in both established and developing countries, and it is an unavoidable byproduct of economic growth and progress. The need for housing, infrastructure, transportation, and other essential services has increased, though, in nations like India where urban populations have grown especially quickly. The origins, difficulties, and societal issues related to India's urbanisation were discussed in this article. Furthermore, the significance, problems, and plans of India's rural development. This article concluded that balanced and inclusive development—integrating technological advancement, infrastructure growth, and community participation—is essential for achieving sustainable urbanization and uplifting rural communities in India.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dhanbanti Chanchal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
अल्पशिक्षित महिलाओं को आत्मनिर्भर बनाने में शासकीय योजनाओं की भूमिका पर एक अध्ययन खण्डवा जिले के विशेष सन्दर्भ में
भारत जैसे विकासशील देश में महिलाओं की सामाजिक, आर्थिक और शैक्षणिक स्थिति राष्ट्र की प्रगति का आधार मानी जाती है। महिला सशक्तिकरण केवल अधिकारों की सुरक्षा तक सीमित न होकर उन्हें आत्मनिर्भर बनाने की समग्र प्रक्रिया है। इसी दिशा में भारत सरकार एवं राज्य सरकारों द्वारा शिक्षा, कौशल विकास, स्वरोजगार, ऋण सहायता और सामाजिक सुरक्षा जैसी अनेक योजनाएँ लागू की गई हैं। प्रस्तुत शोध का उद्देश्य अल्पशिक्षित महिलाओं हेतु संचालित इन योजनाओं एवं कार्यक्रमों की जानकारी एकत्र करना, महिलाओं में उनकी जागरूकता का स्तर जानना, योजनाओं की प्रभावशीलता का विश्लेषण करना तथा क्रियान्वयन के दौरान आने वाली चुनौतियों की पहचान कर उपयुक्त सुझाव प्रस्तुत करना है। यह अध्ययन मिश्रित शोध पद्धति पर आधारित है, जिसमें गुणात्मक एवं मात्रात्मक दोनों विधियों का उपयोग किया गया। अल्पशिक्षित उत्तरदाताओं की स्थिति को देखते हुए डेटा संकलन हेतु साक्षात्कार अनुसूची का प्रयोग किया गया, जिसका पायलट परीक्षण 20 महिलाओं पर किया गया। शोध मध्यप्रदेश के खंडवा जिले तक सीमित रहा और उद्देश्यपूर्ण नमूना चयन से 650 में से 630 पूर्ण उत्तरदाताओं का डेटा प्राप्त हुआ। निष्कर्षों से ज्ञात हुआ कि शासकीय योजनाएँ अल्पशिक्षित महिलाओं के आर्थिक, सामाजिक और मानसिक सशक्तिकरण में प्रभावी हैं, हालांकि जानकारी का अभाव, स्थानीय भाषा में प्रचार की कमी और प्रक्रिया की जटिलता जैसी चुनौतियाँ मौजूद हैं। इन योजनाओं को अधिक सुलभ, समावेशी और संवेदनशील बनाकर महिलाओं के जीवन में महत्वपूर्ण सकारात्मक परिवर्तन लाया जा सकता है।
Copyright (c) 2025 उषा वैद्य, माधुरी शर्मा https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
A Review on Wound Healing: Understanding its Phase and Mechanisms
Wound healing is a highly specialised, dynamic, multi-phase process that uses a complex mechanism to mend damaged or wounded tissues. Any disruption in the natural healing process of a wound leads to the production of aberrant scars and a chronic condition that makes the person more vulnerable to infections. The idea of wound healing as well as molecular and cellular processes were covered in this article. Emphasise the elements that influence wound healing as well. Using keywords like wound healing, cellular processes, and molecular mechanisms, secondary material was gathered from databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and ResearchGate. It concluded that wound healing is a highly coordinated biological process driven by the interplay of keratinocytes, fibroblasts, immune cells, cytokines, and growth factors that collectively regulate inflammation, proliferation, and tissue remodeling. Key signaling pathways, including NF-κB, MAPK, and STAT3, orchestrate cellular responses essential for effective repair.
Copyright (c) 2025 Shyam Bahadur, Sunil Ahirwar, Satkar Prasad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
ML-Based Detection of Credit Card Fraud Using Synthetic Minority Oversampling
Credit card fraud detection is an essential and classic but very difficult problem consisting of imbalanced classification where fraud transactions are almost nonexistent as compared with legitimate ones. This paper proposes an approach which main feature is a combination of an imbalanced data technique based on the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) with an XGBoost classifier for credit card fraud detection. We delineate the dataset preparation, feature preprocessing, SMOTE resampling, model configuration and training, and evaluation metrics (Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1, AUC, and confusion matrix). Additionally, a comparative experiment plan is defined that includes baseline classical models (Logistic Regression, Random Forest, Artificial Neural Network) thereby allowing practitioners to perform benchmarking against other models' performances. The complete code necessary for conducting the experiments is accessible (the user-supplied Colab script was used as the foundation). The results show that if XGBoost is used in combination with careful preprocessing and SMOTE it will acquire a strong recall very important properties for fraud detection while still to an extent retaining high precision. We elaborate on the limitations (synthetic oversampling risks, concept drift) and plan ahead for the future inventiveness (cost-sensitive learning, streaming models, explainability).
Copyright (c) 2023 Elavarasi Kesavan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0