Examine the Heat Transfer Characteristics in Car Radiator Utilizing the Water/Anti-Freezing and Al2O3/Cuo/Tio2 Based Nanofluid as Coolant

Abstract

Automobile radiators have been using traditional heat transfer fluids like water and motor oil for a long time. However, there is an increasing demand for improved heat transfer fluids in order to greatly increase the system's thermal performance. Traditional fluids often suffer from low thermal conductivities, and the flat tube's limited surface area hinders the enhancement of heat transfer. Improving heat transmission between the radiator and coolant is primarily intended to increase the cooling capability of car engines, guaranteeing peak performance and averting malfunctions. This study investigates two methods to achieve this goal. The first method focuses on modifying the radiator’s flat tube design by altering the fin configuration. One design incorporates 34 continuous louvered fins, while the other uses 46 continuous louvered fins with a U-shaped configuration. In order to improve heat transmission, the second technique adds solid particles that are nanoscale in size to the base fluid. Three nanoparticles—Al₂O₃, CuO, and TiO₂—are used at concentrations of 0.05%, 0.15%, and 0.3%. By combining these modified designs with various nanoparticle concentrations, a total of 10 cases were analyzed. Throughout the investigation, the flat tube's coolant's intake velocity remained constant. ANSYS Fluent 23.2 was used to assess the heat transfer properties, taking into account variables including velocity distribution, temperature distribution, pressure drop, and heat transfer rate. The coolant containing 0.3% TiO₂ nanoparticles had the greatest heat transfer capability, surpassing all other examples examined. Its outlet temperature was 360.53 K, and its heat transfer rate was 76.73 W.Keyword: Diabetes detection, machine learning, Support Vector Machine, Gradient Boosting, voting ensemble, early diagnosis.