A Review on Wastewater Treatment Using Adsorption and Coagulation/Flocculation Methods

Prabhat Kumar  Tiwari; Rajesh Kumar  Misra; Vijay Kumar  Meshram

doi:10.69968/ijisem.2025v4i2130-136

Authors

Prabhat Kumar Tiwari Research scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, LNCTU, BHOPAL.
Rajesh Kumar Misra Research scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, LNCTU, BHOPAL.
Vijay Kumar Meshram Research scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, LNCTU, BHOPAL.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.69968/ijisem.2025v4i2130-136

Keywords:

Wastewater treatment, Adsorption, Coagulation/Flocculation, Adsorbent, Coagulant, Water pollution, Heavy metals, Synthetic wastewater

Abstract

The global community found wastewater issues to be a complex challenge. In the remediation of effluent, there are numerous methods, including physical, chemical, biological, and combinations of these methods. Adsorption and coagulation are two examples of the physicochemical techniques that are often used in wastewater treatment. This article reviews the literature on wastewater treatment utilising coagulation/flocculation and adsorption techniques. It concluded that adsorption and coagulation/flocculation are effective, low-cost, and widely adopted methods for wastewater treatment. Their efficiency is influenced by key parameters such as pH, dosage, and contact or settling time. Adsorption, especially with modified clays and biochars, offers high capacity for removing diverse pollutants. Coagulation using both conventional and bio-based coagulants also shows promising results. Though each method has limitations, their adaptability and effectiveness make them suitable for various real-world applications. Integrating these technologies can enhance treatment efficiency and support sustainable wastewater management, particularly in resource-limited settings.

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