Assessing Global Water Quality: A Review of Monitoring Techniques and Emerging Contaminants

Abstract

A diverse array of unregulated pollutants that are becoming more prevalent in the environment are known as emerging contaminants (ECs). In the present day, water contamination has emerged as a global concern that impacts the majority of countries worldwide. Monitoring water quality can let authorities take prompt action by warning them of water contamination. The many studies on water quality monitoring methods and new water pollutants are reviewed in this article. It concluded that the global presence of emerging contaminants in water highlights the urgent need for advanced monitoring techniques. IoT-based systems, combined with CPS technologies, offer real-time, efficient, and cost-effective solutions for detecting and managing water quality. While traditional methods provide essential physicochemical data, integrating modern approaches enables early detection, remote access, and deeper insights into pollutant sources. These innovations are crucial for sustainable water resource management and environmental protection worldwide.