Recent Progress in Solar Cell Physics: Materials, Efficiency, and Emerging Trends

Vinod Kumar

doi:10.69968/ijisem.2025v4i1401-408

Authors

Vinod Kumar Assistant Professor, Department of Physics, Government PG College Jalesar Etah.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.69968/ijisem.2025v4i1401-408

Keywords:

Tandem Cells, Solar Energy Systems, Solar Cells, Photovoltaic (PV), Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

This review paper provides a concise review of the recent developments in the physics of solar cells, in materials, efficiency enhancement, and technological trends. The paper discusses the working principle and historical evolution of the photovoltaic technology, as well as the various kinds of solar cells, including crystalline silicon, thin-film, perovskite, and organic photovoltaics. Notable gains in efficiency and performance have also been achieved through significant advances in material science and the device architecture, including PERC technology, tandem cells, and multi-junction designs. In the review, the significance of nanotechnology and improved fabrication strategies in improving the performance of solar cells is also mentioned. Even with these developments, issues like stability, cost, scalability and environmental impact are critical issues. This paper gives an insight into future prospects of developing efficient, cost-effective, and sustainable solar energy system by identifying research gaps and analyzing the current trends.

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