The relationship between menopausal experiences and psychological well-being, and the moderating role of socio-cultural factors for women in Sri Lanka.(A review of the literature)

Abstract

“How menopause expresses itself in your body can depend upon genetics; lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise, smoking, and reproductive history; and influences like weight/BMI, climate, socio-economic status, and even cultural beliefs and attitudes around menopause” (Haver, M.C. 2025). According to Dr. Haver, menopause is not only a natural reproductive phenomenon. It is a critical transition in a woman’s life, often accompanied by profound psychological and emotional challenges such as depression, anxiety, and stress. While global literature has explored these mental health aspects extensively, there is a noticeable gap in research focused on the experiences of women in Sri Lanka. This review paper examines the psychological impact of menopause worldwide and the unique socio-cultural context of Sri Lankan society. For this review, a narrative literature review methodology was used. Relevant peer-reviewed studies published between 2005 and 2025 were identified through database searches in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, using keywords related to menopause, psychological well-being, depression, anxiety, stress, and socio-cultural factors. Articles relevant to South Asian and Sri Lankan women were prioritized. It discusses the research background, methodologies, findings, and recommendations through a literature review. Furthermore, this paper examines how the existing Sri Lankan literature on cultural beliefs, family dynamics, social expectations, and access to healthcare influences women's experiences and management of menopausal symptoms. The paper highlights significant gaps in the local literature, including the culturally adapted mental health assessments and limited public awareness. Drawing on international and regional studies, the review highlights the importance of culturally sensitive mental health services, awareness campaigns, and inclusive healthcare policies.  By contextualizing menopause in Sri Lanka, this paper provides valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers seeking to enhance the psychological well-being of menopausal women in the country.